G6 
HORN EXPEDITION-ANTHROPOLOGY, 
not unknown amongst thorn. Mr. Ernest Giles* describes sucli a structure of 
considerable dimensions at Youldeli, not far from the head of the Great Bight, 
and a similar instance is recorded by Leichardt.f I may state that I am indebted 
for these references to Mr. A. T. Magarey,| who has recently, under tlie title of 
Aborigines’ Water Quest in Arid Australia, dealt in an exhaustive manner with 
the whole subject of the native supplies of water. 
In the search for water the keen observation of the natives, as well as of the 
explorer or bushman, whose faculties become sharpened by the necessities of the 
situation, take advantage of such signs as the direction of the tracks of animals, 
of the flight of birds or even of the trend of a string of ants, and, in the paper 
referred to, Mr. Magarey has mentioned a number of birds wliose flights or 
presence have afforded indications which are thus made use of. So far as our own 
experience went, in the Horn Expedition, wo rarely failed to find tlie expected 
supply, but I observed on several occasions that, if we had been ignorant of the 
exact locality of the water, we might have been guided to the spot by flocks of 
black cockatoos {Calyptorhynchus stellatus) which kept hovering about it, uttering 
their harsh cries, and, when camped at the water-holes we rarely failed to notice 
at eventide the peculiar flight to the water of the bronzewinged pigeon {Phaps 
chalcopterd). The rock pigeon {Lflphophaps leucogaster) was also a well-known 
visitant to the water-holes, and, in the same vicinity, we frequently saw large 
flocks of the chestnut-shouldered finch {Tceniopygia casianotis). 
Artificial Drinks. 
I could not hear that these natives were in the habit of making any kind of 
artificial drink, and Mr. Gillen informs me that he is unaware of such a practice. 
Native Pigments. 
For purposes of ornamentation of their bodies, of their manufactured articles, 
or for their drawings, the colours red, yellow, black and white are used. 
To produce the first two the ferruginous minerals, known as ochres, are 
employed; these are ground up into fine powder, sometimes in a shallow spoon¬ 
shaped depi’ession in the natural rock, sometimes with the same kind of handmills 
as are used for grinding seeds. When used for any of the purposes mentioned the 
* “ Australia Twice Traversed.” Ernest Giles, vol. ii., p. 93. 
t Leichardt’s journal of “An Overland Expedition in Australia,” p. 405. 
t Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science, vol. vi., 1895. 
