98 
HORN EXPEDITION-ANTHROPOLOGY. 
uniformly red-ochrocl, while the blade itself shows traces of having been ornamented 
with alternate transverse bars of red ochre and white clay. Total length of 
instrument, 3| inches; of blade exposed, 2 inches; width of blade at base, T| inch. 
Sfone Chips. 
At various points on our route, which had evidently been old camping places 
of the native.s, sundry stone chips were collected. These were either incompletely 
finished articles or the rejectajuenta and failures in the process of manufacture. 
Some—the majority-—it was easy to see, had been designed to be chisel-ends for 
spear-throwers or for adzes (Plate VI., Fig. 1.3). In other cases I am obliged to 
rely on the diagnosis of our black tracker who referred them variously as having 
been intended for the purposes of skinning animals, scarring of the body, cutting 
one another in play, scratching marks on weapons and making of spears. The 
materials of which they are composed are .sandstone-grit, brown, yellow and buff 
jasper, chalcedony, quartzite, porcellanite and bottle-glass. The localities at which 
they were obtained were Adminga Creek, Dalhousie Springs, Charlotte Waters, 
Hughes’s Water-Hole, Laurie’s Creek and Deering Creek, where they were picked 
up either on the site of old camping ground, or in places which had served for 
their manufacture. 
Stone Axe or Tomahawk —“ Illipai'’ 
No specimen of this kind of implement was collected or seen in the hands of 
the natives throughout the trip, but Mr. Gillen informs me that this implement is 
used in the Arunta tribe, and that the material of the stone head is diorite. The 
method of halting is probably the same as that which exists to the north of the 
McDonnell Ranges, in which a flat oval pebble, more or less ground and polished to 
an edge, is gripped in the bight of a lath of flexible wood bent double. The two 
moieties of the handle are clamped together by whipping them with cord close up 
to the head, and again at their free ends. Additional fixity is given by the 
use of Triodia resin as a cementing substance both between and in a mass over 
the surfaces of contact of haft and head. We have axes of this pattern in the 
South Australian Museum, from Barrow Creek (180 miles north of Alice Springs), 
and from thence northwards to Port Darwin. 
J Voter a?id Food carry mg Utensiis — '"'‘Pitchis" (Plate VI., Figs. 2 and 3). 
I do not know the origin of the name “Pitchi” which is in general use, by the 
whites of the parts traversed by the Expedition, for the wooden vessels used for 
carrying food and water and, occasionally, infants. It is probably a native name 
