HORN EXPEDITION—ANTHROPOLOGY. 
101 
the other and is so extensively hollowed out that the thickness of the peripheral 
wood does not exceed half an inch in thickness. It is by no means straight, has 
been decorticated, and the irregularities of its external surface have been roughly 
adzed down. For ornamentation it has been red-ochred all over, with three 
circumferential bands of white at each end. 
I am indebted to Mr. Zietz, Sub-Director of the South Australian Museum, 
for the opportunity of figuring and describing a simple musical concussion instru¬ 
ment from Charlotte Waters—one of the districts inhabited by the Arunta tribe. 
It consists of two pieces of dark, hard wood, possibly the heart-wood of Mulga and 
of a size and shape which may be best seen by reference to the figure (Plate VI., 
Figs. 11 and IDi). I have never seen the instrument in use, nor do I know 
under what circumstances it is used, but from the position of concussion facets 
the sound is evidently produced by striking the plain piece against the bevelled 
edges that lie between the forks of the other. 
Playing Stick — Urkiva’’’’ (Plate V., Figs. 3 and ?>ii). 
As stated elsewhere, broken fragments of these articles were sometimes seen 
in camp, especially at Dalhousie Springs, but no perfect specimen was collected 
by the expedition. For purposes of illustration I have therefore taken an 
example from the Murray River, which is identical in form with that seen in 
Central Australia. It consists of a long slender handle which swells at one end 
into a fusiform knob and tapers very gradually towards the other. The total 
length is 4 feet 4 inches, and the relative dimensions may be seen in the drawings. 
This particular stick appears to be made of some Eucalyptus wood, but Mulga 
is, I believe, the material used in Central Australia. It will be noticed (Fig. 3) 
that the handle exhibits a slight curvature which may be wholly or partly due to 
natural warping. The manner of use will be mentioned under “ Games,” and it 
appears that in such characters as form, balance and flexibility these sticks vary 
considerably in excellence for the purposes intended. 
Hold-all (Plate VI., Fig. 4). 
While some of the articles in constant use, such as knife, pipe, tobacco of 
civilisation or quid of the native product, are usually carried about the person 
either in the girdle, armlet, head-band or behind the ear, the native’s few 
belongings not in such frequent requisition are sometimes carried in a primitive 
wrapper to which the above name seems appropriate. A specimen collected at 
Mount Olga by Professor Spencer, consists of an irregularly oval piece of the dry 
