U6 
HORN EXPEDITION-ANTHROPOLOGY. 
It was then stated that the methods were those of Broca, with a few 
exceptions. Thus, in measuring the cranial capacity, I followed as closely as 
possible the directions of Turner, having had opportunities of familiarising myself 
with that method while I occupied the position of a Demonstrator of Anatomy in 
his department. 
Following Turner, I use a two-litre glass cylinder, graduated at intervals of 
10 C.C., and I have observed the same precautions with regard to the readings as 
Turner notes in his practice.* 
In calculating the cephalic index the glabello-occipital diameter has l)een 
employed, though other longitudinal measurements are given for sake of comparison. 
In determining the gnathic index I have followed Flower and Turner, and in 
the case of the palato-maxillary measurements Turner’s directions have been 
minutely carried out. 
The projection of the zygomatic arches has been determined with the 
“parietal goniometer” of de Quatrefages, but in the case of skull No. 2 the 
determination was an approximate estimation, as one zygomatic arch was partly 
broken away. 
The facial angle of Jacquart (ophryo-spinal of Broca = ophryo-spino-auricular) 
was determined by Broca’s “facial and lateral goniometer.” 
The absence of median incisors enabled me to estimate the facial angle of 
Cloquet (ophryo-alveolo-auricular) approximately by aid of the .same instrument 
(which is not adapted for this purpose), in the absence of a median facial 
goniometer. 
Although the median incisors were lacking in both skulls and there was 
doubtless some slight erosion or absorption at the alveolar point, yet that was so 
slight that I have not regarded it as contra-indicating the use of the alveolar point 
as an important point of measurement, and as contributing to the determination of 
the important alveolo-condylar plane of Topinard.f 
It is needless to say that the measurement of two skulls provides no basis 
whatever for any generalising. The excuse for the present minuteness of detail is 
* Through inadvertence the number of the chilled shot used was wrongly stated in the Chicago Exhibition 
Report above referred to. It is there stated that No. 4 chilled shot was used, while No. 8 was in fact used, as with 
both Broca and Turner. 
t Nearly all the instruments used are by Matthieu of Paris, and the projections have been made with the skull 
jilaced on a eraniophore, strictly after Topinard’s pattern. 
