632 
EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 
thus to be attributed to virus circulating in the blood and not 
to direct infection from the skin. With the development of the 
vesicles the virus disappears from the circulation. (4) To effect 
inoculation with certainty, one-five-thousandth of a cubic centi¬ 
metre of fresh lymph was sufficient. Smaller quantities up to 
one-twenty-thousandth cubic centimetre were uncertain in their 
effects, and still smaller quantities were innocuous. (5) The 
lymph was rendered innocuous when heated to 37° C. for twelve 
hours, or to 70° C. for half an hour, and also on drying for 
twenty-four hours at summer temperature. Preserved in refrig¬ 
erators, the lymph inclosed within capillary tubes retained its 
virulence for fourteen days, at times even longer. Individual 
germs proved capable of continued existence for eight or nine 
weeks. Large quantities of lymph were necessary to induce 
infection. (6) In opposition to prevailing views it was demon¬ 
strated that immunity was conferred upon infected animals two 
or three weeks after recovery from an attack. On the one hand 
some animals are naturally immune, while on the other hand 
others are extremely susceptible. - The latter are not rendered 
immune by a single attack, but more fully so by a second. The 
blood of immunized animals contains substances which when 
mixed with fresh lymph seem capable of neutralizing the effects 
of the latter in susceptible animals. (7) Beef and swine can be 
immunized artificially by means of injections of lymph warmed 
until its infectiousness is removed, as well as by injection of 
mixtures of lymph and blood from immune animals. ^ The 
majority of animals were rendered immune by a single injec¬ 
tion, which apparently induced no bad effects. (8) It thus 
appears scientifically demonstrated that foot-and-mouth disease 
can be successfully treated by means of protective inoculation^ 
—{Medical Record.) 
EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 
GERMAN REVIEW. 
By W. V. Bieser, D. V. S., New York City. 
Intravenous Injection of Normal Salt Solution in 
Toxemias and Extensive Hemorrhages. —In the treatment 
of toxaemias either the result of specific bacterial infection or 
other poisons, and in excessive haemorrhages the author recom¬ 
mends the intravenous or subcutaneous use of normal salt solu- 
