776 
EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 
animals refuse to -take the water thus medicated, one lets them 
thirst for a while. After treatment for this length of time, 
most cases have resulted in a cure ; if no result ensues, renew 
the treatment after a short interval of two or three days. Only 
seldom is it necessary to have recourse to the treatment a third 
time. The glandular swellings are treated locally with inunc¬ 
tions of iodine ointment or kali iodide ointment, or if the swell¬ 
ing is very hard we may cause it to shrink or resolve by inject¬ 
ing tincture of iodine into it .—(^Deutsche Thierdrzt. IVoc/i.) 
UivCERATED Endocarditis of Biliary Origin in the 
Horse. —It was Netter who first, in i88i, demonstrated that 
there was no specific organism causing this disease, but that it 
may result as a manifestation of many infectious diseases. En¬ 
docarditis may be localized and become chronic, or it may run 
an acute and very fatal course. Hanot says that endocarditis 
is an affection of the endocardium, caused not by one but vari¬ 
ous pathogenic bacteria, whose number continually increase. 
There is evidence to show that beside special bacteria, there are 
bacteria of special infections, as septicaemia, erysipelas, puerpe¬ 
ral metritis, influenza, pneumonia, or tuberculosis. As respon¬ 
sible for these endocardial attacks, rheumatism, malaria, diph¬ 
theria, syphilis, scarlatina, etc., must also be mentioned, and 
lately catarrh of the gall bladder. In the Archives of Physiol¬ 
ogy^ N. and M. in 1896 demonstrated cases in which secondary 
endocarditis vegetans ulcerosa followed primary infection of the 
ductus choledeciis, accompanied by attacks of biliary colic. The 
identical bacillus found in the subendothelial exudate of the val¬ 
vular vegetations were also found in an old abscess of the liver 
of the same patient. Inoculated into the blood of animals the 
bacilli kept on thriving, so that it must be assumed that in 
human beings the gut and ductus cholodecus can be the starting 
point of the secondary endocardial infection. It is just here 
where catarrh and lithiasis come in as furnishing the nidus for 
the development of the germs, which, entering the neighboring 
lymphatics and portal circulation, finally reach the heart. The 
endocardium can be stated to be the point of predilection for 
infection with this bacillus. These conclusions are of weightier 
import in that similar observations were made on the horse at 
the anatomical department at the Lyons Veterinary School. 
Among 22 horses used for anatomical purposes B. found gall¬ 
stones and endocarditis simultaneously. If it cannot be definitely 
asserted that lithiasis of the liver is necessarily responsible for 
endocarditis (for both diseases are rare, as it is in the equine 
