4 The Colorado Experiment Station. 
exposure, yet the latter may be more desirable when looked at from 
all points of view. The vineyard on the southern slope may bud 
out earlier and is more subject to injury from late spring frosts. 
If one is choosing a location to grow grapes exclusively he should 
choose a locality where late frosts seldom occur and where the sea¬ 
son is as long as possible. An early frost in the fall is as bad for 
many varieties as a late frost in the spring. Unless one can count 
on almost six months of growing weather it is hardly worth while 
attempting to grow many of the best varieties of vinifera grapes. 
Some of the early varieties will mature their fruit in five months 
of growing weather or even less. 
Propagation .—Giapes are generally propagated from hard¬ 
wood cuttings taken in the fall, stored over winter in moist sand 
in a cool cellar, and planted out in the spring. The cuttings are 
taken from well-matured one-year-old wood, each cutting generally 
containing two eyes or nodes. When such a cutting is set out in 
the spring the top bud is placed at the surface of the ground with 
the rest of the cutting buried. New canes laid on the ground and 
covered with dirt will root readily and form new plants, especially 
if the cane is barken or partially broken or cut in two at the point 
where it is covered. While the methods of propagation are simple 
most growers will prefer to let the nurserymen grow the plants. 
One-year-old plants may generally be bought for less than five 
cents. 
Preparation of Land and Planting .—The common instruction 
given for the preparation of the land for the young orchard would 
apply equally well to the preparation of the proposed vineyard site. 
The ground should be plowed, preferably in the fall, and put in 
first-class condition. Ground that is plowed in the spring should 
be well worked down with the disc and harrow before it is planted. 
The vineyard is generally set on the rectangular plan, either 
8x8 feet or 8x6 feet. With the low bush method of training com¬ 
monly practiced with vinifera grapes, setting the plants eight feet 
apart each way gives none too much room. With the trellis system 
of training the plants may be crowded to six feet in the row. Still 
I think it would be better to give them the full eight feet in the 
latter case. 
The vines should be set at about the same depth at which they 
stood, in the nursery, possibly a little deeper. They should be 
pruned back so as to leave only two or three eyes of the growth 
of one-year-old wood. The yearling plant properly pruned will 
consist of the main body (the original cutting) and generally one 
spur of new wood carrying two or three buds. 
Cultivation .—The vineyard should receive good cultivation 
early in the season, for good cultivation is conducive to good 
