Cement and Concrete Fence Posts. 23 
Materials .—The sand and gravel used was clean and sharp, 
with all sizes of grains varying from small to large. There was a 
very small percentage of mica in the sand, which was objectionable. 
One brand of Portland cement was used for making all posts. 
A total of 238 line posts and 8 corner posts were built and 
tested during the experiment, the records of which are found in 
the following tables: 
TABLE NO. 2—Tamped Posts. 
These posts are of the same size and composition as those in Table No. 
1, excepting that they are tamped instead of poured. 
reinforcement 
TEST 
COST 
REMARKS 
Kind of Wire 
Weight 
Per Post 
Ebs. 
Cost 
Per 
Post 
First 
Crack 
in Ebs. 
Final 
Break 
in Ebs. 
Eocation of 
Break Above 
or Below 
Ground Eine 
Cost of 
Materials 
in Post 
New Wire is Fig¬ 
ured at 4c Per 
Eb. and Old Wire 
at 2c Per Eb. 
No. 10, 4 twist¬ 
ed strands of 
2 wires- 
2X 
10.0c 
162 
240 
1 in. above 
15 in. above 
Ground Line 
29.9c 
Mixture broke 
wires did not 
slip or break 
No. 10, 8 
strands 
crimped- 
2 l A 
10.0c 
197 
263 
Ground Eine 
2 in. above 
10 in. above 
29.9c 
Wires slipped 
No. 10, twisted 
4 long and 
2 short_ . 
3 
12.0c 
130 
160 
30 in. above 
30 in. above 
30 in. above 
31.9c 
Mixture broke 
extra wires did 
no good 
No. 6, 4 long 
hooked at 
ends -. 
2% 
10.6c 
133 
184 
10 in. from top 
Ground Eine 
Ground Eine 
30.5c 
Straight wires, 
all wires 
slipped 
New Barbed 
4 long 
strands-- 
1% 
6.6c 
70 
123 
Ground Eine 
2 in. above 
Ground Eine 
26.5c 
Wires broke 
Old Barbed 
4 long 
strands- 
1% 
3.3c 
98 
128 
Ground Eine 
Ground Eine 
Ground Eine 
23.2c 
Wires broke 
New Barbed 
4 long and 
2 short- 
2 
8.0c 
83 
198 
Ground Eine 
6 in. below 
1 in. above 
27.9c 
Wires broke 
No. 15, 4 
strands of 3 
each twisted 
1% 
4.5c 
82 
125 
Ground Eine 
7 in. above 
3 in. above 
23.6c 
All wires broke 
did not slip 
The Test .—In making the test, the posts were placed under as 
nearly fence conditions as possible. All line posts were set and 
firmly tamped into the ground so that 4 feet and one inch projected 
above the surface. By means of a wire, a dynamometer was at¬ 
tached to the post exactly 4 feet from the surface, as shown in Fig. 
7. A steadily increasing force was applied to the dynamometer by 
means of a block and tackle, until the first visible crack appeared in 
the post when a reading was made. The force was then increased 
until the post gave way completely when the final reading was made. 
