13 
It was found good practice to seed an orchard, after the 
second year, to red clover, leaving a space three feet wide 
each side of the trees for cultivation and irrigation, the fur¬ 
rows being two feet from the trees, as water should never be 
allowed around the trunks. If needed for fertilizer, the 
clover may be plowed under and the ground re-seedecl the 
following spring. It is not deemed best to cut hay from 
orchard grounds, but sheep and swine are often pastured 
there with good results, it being advisable, however, to watch 
closely and remove animals before feed becomes short, lest 
damage is done to the trees. 
Many people meet with disappointment from the fact 
that trees do not come in bearing so soon as the tree agent 
had given reason to believe. It should be borne in mind* that 
apple trees, according to varieties, require from four to thir¬ 
teen years to arrive at profitable bearing. Plums require 
from three to ten years, grapes, three to five years and 
smaller fruits from one to four years. 
As a rule, it pays to thin fruit on all trees until there is 
no danger of their breaking down without propping. 
Conditions in this locality are favorable to early and 
heavy fruitage and in many instances, both fruit and tree 
have been injured from excessive bearing. 
Trimming and training should be done while trees are 
young, and the best practice goes to recommend that limbs 
should not be started less than three feet, nor more than five 
feet from the ground. There are serious objections to 
branching beyond these limits in either direction. 
As a remedy against the Apple Tree Borer and to pro¬ 
mote the vigor of trees, the trunks and lower limbs may be 
washed in May, with the following mixture:—^Take two 
thirds of a pailful of slaked lime, the same as for white¬ 
wash, add one pint of gas tar and one pound of hard soap. 
Dissolve one pint of lye and put into the mixture, then add 
enough common soil to produce a proper consistency for ap¬ 
plying with a whitewash brush. 
The closest attention is necessary in ordef to preserve 
fruit from damage by insects. The Codling Moth is de¬ 
stroyed usually, by spraying with the paris green solution, 
just after the blossoms fall. The proportions generally 
recommended are i6o gallons of water to one pound of paris 
green. This also is a remedy for Leaf Rollers and should 
Be applied as soon as the enemy’s presence is noticed. 
Kerosene emulsion is a remedy for a vast number of in¬ 
sect pests. To make it, dissolve a pound of hard soap in 
two quarts of boiling water, then remove from the fire and 
add one pint of kerosene and stir violently with a small force 
pump, four or five minutes. When emulsified, it resembles 
rich cream. This emulsion may be used upon stock to kill 
