29 
Labor in irrigating land,.$ 35 
Plowing, 3 % days,. 7 85 
Harrowing, 34 day,. 55 
Seed, 22 pecks,. 2 75 
Vitriolating seed,. 20 
Drilling seed, 6 hours,. 75 
Winter irrigating,... 35 
Spring harrowing,. 55 
Irrigating,.,. 50 
Harvesting,. 4 00 
Twine,. 1 12 
Shocking, 5 hours,. 80 
Stacking, 34 day, two men and team,. 1 95 
Threshing, 7 cents per bushel,. 8 05 
Total,.$29 77 
Yield, 115 bushels, at 50 cents per bushel,.$57 50 
Expenses,. 29 77 
Net profit,..$27 73 
Net profit per acre,... 6 16 
No estimate is given on cost of keeping water-right in force, or 
cost of hauling grain to market; but as the straw has both a feed¬ 
ing and manurial value it should be worth at least enough to cover 
these two items. 
It may be well to add that we do not, as a rule, recommend 
using five pecks of seed to the acre, as was done in tlie above experi¬ 
ment, but rather a less quantity. Our reason for using that amount 
of seed in the test was to determine the value of shriveled seed ; and 
since much of the grain seemed to lack germinating power, it 
appeared advisable to use a larger quantity to offset the possibilit}^ 
of a per cent, of loss. From this shrunken, inferior-looking seed 
came a product of good quality. It may be argued that the area 
being small the example is not suited to a large field; yet other 
fields of wheat grew adjacent, which gave results equally as good. 
There is no doubt that, as a rule, profits are greater on medium-sized 
areas than on large ones, but it is also true that small areas well tilled 
at a profit are preferable to large ones handled at a loss. Better and 
more thorough methods are needed in the production of ail grain 
crops. 
Among the various operations necessary to the production of a 
wheat crop, deep plowing has here been shown the most essential. 
In the early stages of the crop there should be a never failing re¬ 
source of moisture. Such cannot be maintained within compact 
soils. A porous condition of soil saves moisture, while evaporation 
soon exhausts the limited supply which corripact soils have the power 
to acquire. Manuring land with any kind of decayed vegetable 
material increases capillarity or looseness of soil. But since im¬ 
provement of this character can be furnished only by degrees, deep 
tillage should supply the requirements for a time at least by making 
available all the natural resources. 
