.EVOLUTION MADE PLAIN 15 
rilla, the chimpanzee, the gibbon—as well a& 
the points wherein he agrees with them. Here 
are the most obvious points of dissimilarity. 
• Man walks erect, though in his first year he 
goes on all fours, while apes only occasionally 
walk, and that in a semi-erect position, their 
arms, longer than their legs, reaching the 
ground, knuckles touching. The nose of the 
ape is small, undeveloped; the canine teeth 
are very large; the mouth projects, and there 
is no chin. The entire body except the palms 
'and soles is covered with hair. The brain 
capacity of the ape i& less than half that of 
man. 
On the other hand there are more points of 
similarity than of dissimilarity between man 
and the apes; and if the points wherein they 
differ be examined they will be found to be 
differences in degree rather than in kind. The 
higher apes are entirely without tails; the em¬ 
bryo of the ape, like the human foetus, loses 
its tail sometime before birth. The young ape 
(monkey also) is born in almost as helpless a 
condition as is the human babe. The female 
ape has two mammary glands '(udders) and 
they are always on the chest. Adult apes have 
the same teeth as man—thirty-two in number, 
incisors, canines, premolars, molars. They 
have the same 200 bones, the same 500 muscles, 
the same organs and glands. On their toes 
and fingers they have flat nails, like man, in¬ 
stead of claws. On account of the ape’s op¬ 
posable great toe they were formerly classed 
as four-handed; but this was an error. In all 
essential respects their legs terminate in feet. 
