410 
DR. JEAN KOWALEWSKI. 
slightly in extension by using a cord fastened to a strap, around 
the fetlock, and carried forward between the forelegs, and fast¬ 
ened to a collar around the neck. When the plaster is removed, 
do not give the animal too much freedom for a month ; after 
that it is well to turn him out in pasture for a month or so 
when possible. 
Now I know that there will probably be many objections 
raised to this treatment, and at first sight it does look as 
though it were an easier treatment to read about than to apply, 
but I can assure my professional brethren that, with patience 
and care, they will find that the treatment can be applied 
successfully. 
To those not familiar with the way of applying a plaster 
bandage, it may prove a little troublesome at first, but practice 
will overcome this. 
I do not wish to be understood as criticising anyone’s 
ability as to applying a plaster bandage, but many, I am sure, wih 
bear me out, that it is quite an art, and requires considerable 
practice. 
I first conceived the idea of treating a spavined hock in the 
above way when I was treating some cases of inflammatory 
rheumatism in human beings ; I found that those joints to 
which plaster casts were applied did well, and seldom became 
anchylosed. 
VETERINARY MEDICINE IN RUSSIA. 
Extracts from a Paper by Dr. Jean Kowalewski. 
4. VETERINARY ORGANIZATION IN CITIES. 
This is dependent upon the mayor’s office of the cities and 
of the governments of districts. It is defective, except in such 
capital towns as St. Petersburg, Moscow, Varsovia, Kieff, Odessa, 
and Wilna. The city representatives are mostly simple mer¬ 
chants or workmen, whose intellect and civilization are limited. 
Though wealthy, these men object to all kinds of improvements, 
