VETERINARY MEDICINE IN RUSSIA. 
411 
such as central slaughter houses and markets, inspections of 
meats, microscopic laboratories, etc. 
Notwithstanding their great power, governors cannot oblige 
the representatives to vote large amounts of money for the es¬ 
tablishment of abattoirs, of analytic laboratories and of the 
veterinary personnel; and on that account the sanitarv veteri- 
nary service is imperfect and in many places exists only in 
name. 
In most of the large cities, this service is represented by one 
or two veterinarians, one filling the duties of inspector of the 
abattoirs, the other of sanitary veterinarian. Many cities have 
no special sanitary veterinary surgeons ; in those cases, there 
are special appointments made by the mayors. At St. Peters¬ 
burg, Moscow, Kieff, Odessa and Varsovia, there are two kinds 
of sanitary veterinarians : (i) the inspectors of abattoirs, and 
(2) the sanitary veterinarian proper. In St. Petersburg and 
Moscow these are called “ police veterinarians.” Sanitary veter¬ 
inarians receive from 2400 to 8000 francs a year ($500 to 
$1600.) The best organization is in Moscow, where the per¬ 
sonnel of the central abattoirs counts 10 veterinarians, one of 
whom is chief. The abattoir at Moscow cost 8,000,000 francs 
($1,600,000); it possesses a handsome laboratory of bacteriology, 
a rich microscope cabinet for researches of trichina, etc., a 
pathologico-anatomic museum and special room for autopsies. 
At St. Petersburg the service is less important ; there are 
only four veterinarians attached to it. Wilna has only one, 
Mr. Novievitsch, well known as a microscopist and a bacteri¬ 
ologist. 
In most Russian cities there is no sanitary inspection of 
milk or dairies. Inspection of meat is very incomplete. 
***>t<**5ii^*>)< 
5. MILITARY VETERINARIANS. 
This organization is still imperfect. Military veterinary 
surgeons are still under the orders of inspectors of medicine and 
chief physicians of regiments. 
Central Organization .—The great chief veterinarian of the 
