420 
EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 
Castration \_By P. A. IVtlks^ M. R. C. V.S. .—With such 
a record as that presented by Mr. W. one can readily appreciate 
his enthusiasm upon the method of castration he has adopted in 
his practice. Three hundred cases in five years without losing 
a life is a success, especially considering the kind of horses he 
operated upon, viz., Shetland ponies, thoroughbreds and six- 
year-old cart horses weighing a ton or more. Mr. W. operates 
with the horse in the standing position and uses chams.' He 
considers his modus opermidi superior and safer than any other, 
and for all who wish to try his method he says : (i) See one 
operation done by a veterinary surgeon who is used to it; (2) 
operate the first dozen times on cart colts, as they are much 
easier and give less trouble ; (3) do not hesitate, and keep cool 
—the cooler you keep, the quieter the colt will be ; if omentum 
comes down cut it off; if, unfortunately, bowel should come 
down, cast him and put it back, but, above all things, keep cool. 
—( Vet. Record.) 
Inversion of the Bladder in a Mare \_By F. T. Har- 
.—This mare had been subject to this trouble on several 
occasions ; the first occurrence being after giving birth to a live 
foal. During the first week urine was continually dribbling 
down the legs, scalding the skin and causing irritation. 
Recently the swelling formed by the inverted organ was less 
apparent, the mare had wasted very much. The bladder was 
inverted, with the fundus towards the os ; the vagina acting as 
a sort of false bladder. The oedema was reduced by gentle 
pressure, and the organ returned in place, after some difficulty, 
through the urethra. To prevent reinversion a hand was re¬ 
tained in the vagina for twelve hours, tincture of opium, chloral 
and linseed oil were administered, and bicarbonate of soda added 
to the drinking water. The trouble has not returned and the 
mare is fast gaining flesh.— {Vet. Record.) 
Stenosis of the Duodenum as a Cause of Vomition in 
A Cow \By F. T. Harvey^. —A cow was thought to have 
been choked. However, she presented very little out of the 
way. She swallowed almost anything given to her, but in a few 
minutes it was returned with considerable force. She was al¬ 
lowed no solid food for a few days, receiving a purgative, fol¬ 
lowed by prussic acid. She improved some. Brewer’s yeast 
was tried with good effect, but after awhile vomiting returned, 
she became tympanitic. Death occurred twenty-eight days 
after her first attack. At the post-mortem, the gullet was found 
much dilated in the thoracic portion, with a wide, raw ulcer 
