IMPORTANCE OF COUGH IN A CLINICAL SENSE. 
553 
Chronic bronchitis .—The cough of chronic bronchitis as a 
matter of scientific interest may be subdivided into that of (i) 
Tracheo-bronchitis. (2) Chronic catarrh and ectasia of the 
; middle sized and small bronchioles. (3) Chronic capillary 
bronchitis. 
j The cough of i is distressing, usually paroxysmal, a strong 
I rough cough, a full volume of air being expelled. 
The cough of 2 is usually short, moist and interrupted ; in 
old animals weak. Such animals are most apt to cough while 
; moving along, especially when first starting out. Then again 
I they may be most likely to cough when in the stable in the 
early morning hours. One peculiarity of this cough lies in the 
: fact that it increases as more roughage is fed. 
j The cough of 3 is mostly sharp, short and low, often 
abortive. 
The coughs described under 2 and 3 are the ones usually 
met with in the heavy horse, the cough of which may be truly 
called an abortive one, as all preparations are made to give 
j vent to a full cough, aborted by the existing pathological 
^ lesions. 
j 4. Pneumonia .—The cough is sharp, deep, evasive and short; 
j the animal coughing a number of times in succession, followed 
by a pause free from coughing. 
5. Pleurisy .—The cough of pleurisy is short, painful, weak 
and evasive. The animal tries to modify the cough which, 
^ when brought forth, resembles more a groan than anything 
else. This evasive, of necessity weak cough is suppressed to a 
I certain extent by the will of the animal in order to avoid suc- 
j cussion, which would follow free coughing. The fixed state of 
' the ribs when coughing is quite peculiar to pain in or near the 
' thoracic walls. The latter is seen in the cough of pleurodynia^ 
which resembles that of pleurisy closely ; here the almost nor¬ 
mal state of the pulse and absence of fever settle the question. 
In conclusion, I repeat that cough in itself is not always suf¬ 
ficient to make a conscientious diagnosis; for instance, pul¬ 
monary oedema but little cough is present; the same refers to 
