GLANDERS AND ITS MORTALITY. 
661 
If we go back to the early days of the century we find that 
European veterinarians acknowledged that glanders was not 
necessarily fatal, for chronic skin glanders (farcy) was habitually 
treated and many cases appeared to recover. The fatality was 
inevitable only, it was believed, in the case of implication of 
internal organs, including in these the nasal mucosa. In addi¬ 
tion to this Percivall, Sewell, Vines, Turner and Morton 
recorded cases of recovery from chronic glanders of the nasal 
mucosa itself. But with the rank and file of the profession, 
the inevitable fatality of glanders has remained a firm convic¬ 
tion to the present time. 
The only experience in America, in the hot, dry season of 
1868, soon convinced me that I had to deal with conditions 
with which I had been hitherto unacquainted. In my inland 
town, there was a remarkable absence of coughs and colds., 
and especially of abundant catarrhal expectoration. Tuber¬ 
culosis and scrofula were common, but the copious sputa of 
western Europe was very little in evidence. • The morbid secre¬ 
tions were largely suppressed. Wounds healed more readily 
and I confidently undertook operations before which I would 
have hesitated in the Old World. 
Soon I was called to see a case of advanced nasal glanders 
in an aged horse, which presented all the characteristic symp¬ 
toms and when killed the post-mortem lesions of the disease. 
A young black team standing beside this horse showed the 
glanders congestion and ulcers on a more limited scale, with 
the significant, small, nodular, insensible submaxillary swellings. 
I counselled their destruction, but the owner, who was very 
proud of them, begged to have them treated. They were put on 
strychnia arsenite, sodium hyposulphite and sulphurous inhala¬ 
tions, with good hygiene. Slowly the ulcers healed, the sub¬ 
maxillary swellings disappeared, and, though both horses were 
kept for twenty years in a stable with a dozen others, no further 
case of glanders developed. I need not say that disinfection had 
been carefully attended to. 
A second experience was had on a farm with five horsesi, 
