GLANDERS AND ITS SUPPRESSION. 
651 
alized or systemic glanders in ninety per cent, of the animals 
afflicted with the disease. All such animals should be destroyed 
without question. It is not the animals that have the disease in 
the above forms which are to be most dreaded, for they are usu¬ 
ally destroyed as soon as discovered, but it is the animals having 
it in the occult form which spread the seeds of contagion in the 
community when it is once planted there. Some will remain in 
apparent health for months and years, and have only slight 
periodical discharges from the nostrils, and often so slight as to 
escape notice. Others will not even have such discharge, but 
continue in apparently perfect health for months and years, or 
until some debilitating influence is brought to bear upon them. 
Should they suffer from exposure, be poorly fed, or be attacked 
with catarrh, influenza, pleurisy or pneumonia, it would precipi¬ 
tate the disease into an acute form very quickly. It behooves 
us to detect all animals which have been exposed, and are in¬ 
fected in an incipient form. As this cannot be done by physical 
examination, we must cast about for some element or agent to 
aid us. 
Aided by mallein, and following its use by post-mortems, I 
have found that on an average forty per cent, of all animals ex¬ 
posed are actually infected with glanders in its incipient form^ 
with absolutely no external manifestations of the disease ; in 
ninety-five per cent, the lesions will be found only in the lungs,, 
or liver or mesenteric lymphatics, or in all three of them; in not 
more than one per cent, will there be lesions in the upper air 
passages or in the larger bronchial tubes. 
Mode of Invasion ,—The modes of invasion are many, and 
these vary according to circumstances and condition of the ani¬ 
mals, the state of the sanitary surroundings, the climate and 
the season of the year. An animal may become infected by 
rubbing its nose against the nose of one with a profuse dis¬ 
charge, or in like manner from the walls of the stall, feed- 
troughs, mangers, etc. It can be produced by rubbing the 
contents of a glanderous ulcer, tubercle, or the discharge from 
the nostrils on a mucous membrane, or on the skin where there 
