SOCIETY MEETINGS. 
869 
.Heaves is a dilatation of the pulmonary alveoli resulting 
from a variety of functional or pathological derangements. It 
is clinically manifested by a double expiratory effort to expel 
the tidal air from the dilated cells. Heaves, however trivial, is 
a condition which must condemn any animal so afflicted. It 
can be controlled by careful management, but is never entirely 
cured and with hard or fast work, careless dieting or improper 
sanitation will sooner or later render an animal useless. 
Cribbing is a habit induced by idleness, and is of two kinds : 
ist, cribbing by support, and, 2d, cribbing without support. 
The latter is also called wind-sncking. The former often termi¬ 
nates in the latter. Cribbing by support is executed in about 
the following manner : The head is fixed by resting the upper 
incisors upon some fixed object, air mixed in the month with 
saliva is rapidly forced by suction into the pharynx, which has 
been dilated by forcible contraction of the omo-hyoidens, and 
sterno-thyro-hyoidens muscles. As these muscles relax the 
larynx quickly resumes its normal position, and thus with the 
contractions of the pharynx forces the air into the oesophagus. 
Cribbing without support is the same act minus biting. 
Cribbing is not an unsoundness, and if the habit did not oc¬ 
casionally result in coeliac diseases, it might be entirely over¬ 
looked in examinations. Prejudice, however, forces the veter¬ 
inarian to reject all cribbers. 
Weaving is also a habit caused by idleness. It sh'ould not 
be considered sufficient reason for condemning a good horse. 
In this I will probably not be upheld by the majority of veter¬ 
inarians, but I take this stand because weavers are usually high- 
class horses with unusual powers of endurance. 
Chorea is a disease of the corpora striata and optic thalimi, 
often extending to the cervical cord (this is the statement of re¬ 
cent writers). Its clinical manifestation is that of muscular de¬ 
lirium. It is a common affection of man and the dog, but is 
rare in the horse. Being a disease with a chronic course, its 
possessors must be stamped as unsound. 
Paresis .—The general diminution of nerve force originating 
in the higher nerve centres and exerting its effect not only upon 
the psychic but also the motor and sensory functions of the 
whole body is a condition I have never observed nor heard of in 
the horse. Chronic hydrocephalus resulting from an exudation 
or transudation into the lateral ventricles might be said to cause 
a paresis. But I fear this nomenclature will not bear up under 
critical discussion. If, however, the word is intended to denote 
