32 
The Colorado Experiment Station 
Missouri Pippin is the apple most used for fillers, and is ad¬ 
mirably adapted to this purpose. It is a small tree, short-lived, 
and an early and heavy bearer. Grimes Golden, too, is well suited 
for use as a filler. Pears are also often used and serve the purpose 
very well. Bartlett and Keiffer are the best for Grand Valley. 
Peaches and cherries are sometimes planted as fillers, but so little 
of the apple territory is adapted to their growth that they are al¬ 
most excluded as fillers among the apples. 
Spraying 
Spraying is absolutely imperative for the production of good 
apples. The codling moth is so bad in Grand Valley that many 
growers spray eight to ten times a season, thinking thereby to get 
clean fruit. As a matter of fact, their fruit is no less wormy than 
it would have been with four or five sprays applied at the right 
time. It is the concensus of opinion of the Grand Valley orchard- 
ists that with less than four sprays it is impossible to grow clean 
fruit. However, it has often been proven that fully as much de¬ 
pends upon the time and thoroughness of spraying as upon the 
number of applications. 
The amount of arsenate of lead paste used per 200-gallon tank 
varies from 5 to 16 lbs., with an average for the Valley of 9 lbs. 
This is somewhat more than necessary. Eight pounds is enough 
when kept well agitated in the tank. The powder form of arsenate 
of lead is used by many in preference to paste. Only half as many 
pounds of poison is necessary when the powdered form is used. 
Pears are sprayed the same as apples except that the calyx 
spray is omitted, since the calyxes do not close. 
The average percent of the clean fruit for the Valley, accord¬ 
ing to the growers’ estimates, is 7754% for apples and 87^4% for 
pears. The estimates vary from 50% to 98%. 
The spraying of peaches for twig borer varies from nothing 
to two applications of spray per year. Few growers, however, can 
be accused of spraying peaches twice a year. The best practice is 
to give a dormant spray of lime-sulphur every year just before the 
buds begin to open. The trees which are regularly sprayed with 
this solution are more healthy and the fruit is cleaner than when 
the trees are not sprayed. Some growers prefer arsenate of lead 
applied shortly after the buds have opened, but general usage 
favors lime-sulphur. 
The spraying should be done according to directions of the 
State Entomologist, who will gladly furnish instructions for this 
work. 
