The Waters of the Rio Grande 15 
sists. In the ground waters the sulfates and chlorids become predom¬ 
inant, the carbonates of the alkaline earths and the silicates recede or 
disappear while the carbonate of soda is usually present in small 
quantities. 
The following sample of ground-water was taken from S'E .}4 
sec. 23, T. 38 N., R. 8 E. and less than 400 feet from a drainage ditch 
which had been opened for 21 months at the time the sample was taken. 
The land had never been cultivated, cleared or in any way improved, 
The water was encountered at 3' 11" in stratum of sand. Beneath this 
was a clay mixed with large quantities of calcic sulfate and carbonate. 
I do not know whether the neighboring drainage ditch had lowered 
the level of the ground water or, not. This water did not come from 
the irrigation of land in the immediate neighborhood. I consider it as 
representing the permanent ground water of this locality. 
ANALYSIS OF GROUND-WATER 
SE. % sec. 23, T. 38 N., R. 8 E. 
Analytical results Combined 
Percent 
Percent 
Silicic acid . 
6.303 
Calcic sulfate. 
55.647 
Sulfuric acid . . . . 
32.720 
Calcic carbonate. 
15.081 
Carbonic acid . . . . 
6.931 
Magnesic carbonate .... 
0.577 
Chlorin . 
8.795 
Magnetic chlorid. 
11.809 
Calcic oxid . 
31.378 
Magnesic silicate . 
3.233 
Magnesic oxid . . . 
6.870 
Potassic silicate . 
0.377 
Potassic oxid . . . . 
0.230 
Sodic silicate . 
8.441 
Sodic oxid . 
4.279 
Ferric and Alum, oxids. 
0.075 
Ferric and Alum. 
oxids. 
0.075 
Excess Silicic acid. 
0.056 
Ignition . 
(4.704) 
Ignition . 
(4.704) 
Sum . 
101.985 
Total . 
100.000 
Oxygen equivalent to 
Chlorin. 
1.985 
Total . 
. 100.000 
Total solids 98.9 
grains 
per imperial 
gallon. Loss on ignition 16.9 
grains. 
The drainage ditch referred to in connection with the preceding 
ground-water was upwards of 4 miles long at this time and was being 
extended. The discharge was given to me as varying from 4 to 10 
second feet. At this time it was carrying the smaller amount, about 
4 second feet. There was probably no admixture of run-off water in 
the ditch at this time, so we may take the results obtained in the 
analyses of this drain-water as representing the ground-water in the 
land above the point at which the sample was taken, probably a mile 
and a half below the then upper end of the ditch. 
