12 
THE COLORADO EXPERIMENT STATION 
excrement removed from the hen house may be destroyed by mixing with un¬ 
slaked lime. 
The birds may be given one teaspoonful of turpentine followed by a 
tablespoonful of olive oil. If the crop be full, the dose of turpentine should 
be doubled. Five to ten grain doses of powdered araca nut is good treatment 
and can be mixed with the soft feed, and fed from a clean trough. The areca 
nut also acts as a cathartic. 
Figure 12.— Ascnris inflexa,, round worms from the first portion of the in¬ 
testines of a hen. Natural size, a, female; b, male. 
Figure 13.— Heterakis papillosa, round worm, head end only, from the caecum 
(blind gut) of a hen, magnified; a, mouth; b, oesophagus (gullet). 
Figure 14.— Heterakis papillosa, natural size; a, female; b, male. 
SMALL ROUND WORM, (Heterakis papillosa) 
DESCRIPTION.—This worm is much smaller than the preceding (Ascaris 
inflexa) and is found principally in the caecum or blind pouches of the in¬ 
testinal tract. It is white in color and one-fourth to one-half inch in length. 
Figure 14 shows the worm natural size. It has been found in more than 
50 per cent of the birds examined in this laboratory during the past three 
years. 
LIFE HISTORY.—So far as known, the life history is the same as for 
the worms in the first part of the intestines described above. 
CONDITION PRODUCED.—When in large numbers, the worms produce 
considerable irritation and an unthrifty condition. Figure 13 shows the 
head part of the worm provided with papillae. It takes in food and robs its 
host of nutrients. 
TREATMENT.—Areca nut in the food as prescribed for the preceding. 
THE GIZZARD WORM, (Spiroptera hamulosa) 
DESCRIPTION.—Figure 15 shows the gizzard worm, male and female, 
natural size. It will be noted that the female is larger than the male. They 
taper abruptly at both ends. 
LIFE HISTORY.—Birds become infested by taking ova or young im¬ 
mature worms into the digestive tract, with contaminated food or water. 
CONDITION PRODUCED.—This worm has been found in one outbreak 
in which one gizzard was sent to this laboratory. It produces tumors in the 
walls of the gizzard and thus weakens and interferes with the normal func¬ 
tion of the organ. The chickens thus affected show unthrifty condition, di¬ 
gestive derangements, and many birds die. 
TREATMENT.—This is difficult, owing to the fact that the worms 
cause the formation of tumors in the walls of the gizzard in which they live. 
Turpentine and olive oil as prescribed for the large round worm are indi¬ 
cated. Powdered areca nut may be tried as prescribed before for worms. 
