'48 I N G 
tlie natives call Oohoona ;) Adams, (by the natives Woo- 
apoo-, ) Federal, (by the natives Nooheeva ;) Franklin, (by 
the natives Tatooetcc-,) Lincoln, Hancock, and Knox. 
The people refemble thofe of the Marquelas, and appeared 
friendly. Lat. 8. 3. to 9. 24. S. Ion. 140. 19. to 14.1. 18. W. 
INGRAN'DE, a town of Franee, in the department of 
the Mayne and Loire, on the Loire: fifteen miles weft- 
fovsth-weft of Angers, and ten eaft of Ancenis. 
INGRAS'SIAS (John-Philip), an eminent phyfician 
and anatomift, was a native of Sicily. He ftudied medi¬ 
cine at Padua, where he graduated with fingular reputa¬ 
tion in 1537. He was then invited to the profefforfhip of 
anatomy and phyfic at Naples, which he occupied for a 
number of years, attended by a crowd of (Indents drawn 
by his fame from all parts of Italy. He at length quitted 
this fituation to return to his native ifiand, where he fet¬ 
tled at Palermo. The right of citizenffiip was conferred 
upon him ; and in 1563 he was nominated by Philip JI. 
king of Spain, firft-phyfician for Sicily and the adjacent 
jfies. When the plague raged at Palermo in 1575, he 
adopted fuch excellent regulations, in quality of deputy 
of health and firft-confultarit, that he put a Itop to the 
calamity, and reitored health to the city. The magiftrates 
were fo fenfible of his fervices, that they voted him a re¬ 
ward of two hundred and fifty gold crowns a month, of 
which he would accept no more than what fierved for the 
maintenance and decoration of a chapel which he had 
built in the cloifter of the Dominican convent of Palermo, 
He died, greatly regretted, at the age of feventy, in 1580, 
In’graflias ranks among the improvers of anatomy, by 
his dilcovery of the bone called JIapes in the ear, which, 
though claimed by others, is aferibed to him by Fallo¬ 
pius : alfo, by that of the feminal veficles. He wrote fe¬ 
deral works both on the practice of medicine and on ana¬ 
tomy. The principal of thele is that entitled In Galeni 
Librum dc OJJilus Commentaria, folio, printed at Medina in 
1603, under the infpeftion of his nephew, Nicholas In- 
graflias. It contains the text of Galen, in Greek and 
Latin, with’a very diffufe commentary, in which there is 
much minute and accurate defcription, particularly of the 
parts belonging to the organ of hearing. The figures are 
thofe of Veffalius. The author defends Galen as far as 
he is able, but not againftthe truth of modern difeovery. 
He alio wrote in Italian an account of the plague in Pa¬ 
lermo of which he was witnefs, wuiich work was tranflated 
into Latin by Joachim Camerarius. 
INGRA'TE, adj. [ingratus , Lat. ingrat, Fr.] Ungrate¬ 
ful; unthankful: 
Perfidious and ingrate! 
His ftores ye ravage, and ufurp his ftate. Pope. 
Ufipleafing to the fenfe.—'The caufes of that which is un- 
pleafing or ingrate to the hearing, may receive light by 
that which is pleating and grateful to the fight. Bacon. 
INGRA'TE , f. An ungrateful perlon. Milton. 
INGRA'TEFUL, adj. "Ungrateful; unthankful; un- 
pleafing to the fenfes. 
To INGRA'TIATE, v. a. [ire and gratia, Lat.] To put 
in favour; to recommend to kindnels. It has with before 
the perlon whofe favour is fought.—Politicians, who 
would rather ingratiate themfelves with their fovereign than 
promote his real fervice, accommodate his.counlels to his 
inclinations. Spectator. 
INGRA'TIATING, f. The aft of getting into fa¬ 
vour. King Charles. 
INGRAT'ITUDE,yi [Fr. from in and gratitude.'] Re¬ 
tribution of evil for good ; unthankfulnefs.— Ingratitude 
is abhorred both by God and man, and vengeance attends 
thofe that repay evil^for good. L'EJirangc. 
Ingratitude! thou marble-hearted fiend, _ 
More hideous, when thou lhew’lt thee in a child, 
Than the fea monfter. Shahcfpeare. 
Ingratitude is a crime fo fhameful, that there never was a 
man found who would own liimfelf guilty of it; and, though 
I N G 
too frequently praftifed, it is fo abhorred by the general 
voice, that to an ungrateful perfon is imputed the guilt 
or the capability of all other crimes. The ungrateful are 
neither fit to ferve their Maker, their country, nor their 
friends. Ingratitude perverts all the meafures of religion 
and fociety, by making it dangerous'to be charitable and 
good-natured ; however, it is better to expofe ourfelves 
to ingratitude, than to be wanting in charity and bene- 
volence. 
Great minds, like Heav’n, are pleas’d with doing good; 
Though the ungrateful fubjefts of their favours 
Are barren in return. 
The following barbarous inftances are from ancient 
hiftory.—When Xerxes king of Perfia, was at Celene, a 
city of Phrygia, Pythius, a Lydian prince, who had his 
refidence in that city, entertained him and his whole army 
with incredible magnificence, and made him an offer 
of all his wealth towards defraying the expences’of his 
expedition. Xerxes, furprifed and charmed at fo gene¬ 
rous an offer, had the curiofity to inquire to what a fum 
his riches amounted. Pythius made anfvver, that, haring 
the defign of offering them to his fervice, he had taken an 
exaft account of them, and that the iilver he had by him 
amounted to 2000 talents (about 255,000!. fterling), and 
the gold to nearly 4,000,000 of darics (about 1,700,000). 
fterling). All this money he offered him, telling him, 
that his revenue was fufficient for the lupport of his 
houfehold. Xerxes made him very hearty acknowledg¬ 
ments, and entered into a particular friendlhip with him, 
but declined accepting his prefent. The lame prince who 
had made fuch obliging offers to Xerxes, having defined 3 
favour of him fome time after, that out of his five fons 
who ferved in his army, he would be pleafed to leave him 
the eldeff, in order to be a comfort to him in his old age : 
the king was fo enraged at the propofal, though fo rea- 
fonable in itfelf, that he caufed the eldeff foil to be killed 
before the eyes of his father, giving the latter to under- 
ftand, that it was a favour he lpared him and the reff of 
his children. Yet this is the fame Xerxes who is fo much 
admired for his humane refleftion at the head of his nu¬ 
merous army, “ That of fo many thoufand men, in a 
hundred years’ time there would not be one remaining} 
on which account he could not forbear weeping at the 
uncertainty and inftability of human things.” Fie might 
have found another fubjeft of refleftion, which would 
have more juftly merited his tears and affliftion, had he 
turned his thoughts upon liimfelf, and confidered the re¬ 
proaches he deferved for being the inftrument of liaftening 
the fatal term to millions of people, whom his cruel am¬ 
bition was going to facrifice in an unjuft and unneceflary 
war. Herodotus. 
Bafilius Macedo, the emperor, exercifing liimfelf in 
hunting, a fport he took much delight in, a great flag, 
running furioufly againft him, fattened one of the branches 
of his horns in the emperor’s girdle, and pulling him 
from Ills horfe, dragged him a good dittance, to the im¬ 
minent danger of his life; which a gentleman of his re¬ 
tinue perceiving, drew his fword and cut the emperor’s 
girdle afunder, which difengaged him from the beaft, with 
little or no hurt to his perlon. But oblerve what reward 
he had for his pains: “ He was fentenced to lofe his head 
for putting his fword fo near the body of the emperor;” 
and fuffered death accordingly. Zonorus, 
It is fit we feleft a few from modern hiftory alfo.—In 
a little work intitled Friendly Cautions to Officers, the 
following atrocious inftance of ingratitude is related. An 
opulent city in the weft of England, little ufed to have 
troops with them, had a regiment fent to be quartered 
there : the principal inhabitants and wealthiell merchants, 
glad to fhow their hofpitality and attachment to their fo¬ 
vereign, took the firft opportunity to get acquainted with 
the officers, inviting them to their houfes, and fhowing 
them every civility in their power. This was truly a 
definable fituation. A merchant, extremely eafy in his 
circumftances, 
