INNS of 
horfeback ; before which time the judges rode on mules. 
3. Nicholas Hare, who founded the court of the fame 
name in the Temple, was both reader and treafurer of this 
houfe; the latter office he ferved three feparate years, viz. 
in 1555, 1562, and 1584.. He was malter of the rolls 
1 Mary I. 4. Edmund Anderfon, was ferjeant in 1576 ; 
afterwards queen’s ferjeant, chief juftice of the common 
pleas in 1581, and of the king’s bench 1 Jac. I. This 
eminent lawyer fat in judgment upon Mary queen of 
Scots in Oftober 1586, and the next year prefided at the 
trial of fecretary Davidfon in the liar-chamber for figning 
the warrant for the execution of that princefs. His de- 
cilion in that nice point was, “That he had done jujlinn 
non jujle ; he had done what was right in an unlawful 
manner; otherwife-he thought him no bad man.” 5. Ro¬ 
ger Manwood, a reader at this inn, and afterwards chief 
baron of the exchequer. In 1553 he founded a free- 
fchool at Rickborow,'of which he was a native, and en¬ 
dowed it with 40I. of yearly revenue; and in 1573 built 
feven alms-houfes at Hackington, commonly called St. 
Stephen’s by Canterbury, where he had a fine large houfe, 
and in the church of which he lies handfomely entombed. 
Thefe alms-houfes, for aged honeft poor folks, he endow¬ 
ed with a yearly allowance of 4I. in money, bread and 
fuel, to every one of the alms-men. 6. Sir Julius Ctelar, 
treafurer of the Inner Temple in 1592, and matter of the 
rolls 8 Jac. I. was defcended by the female line from the 
duke Cefarina in Italy. He was judge of the high court 
of admiralty, and one of the mailers of the requefts in 
the preceding reign. Upon the acceffion of James he was 
knighted, and conftituted chancellor and under-treafurer 
of the exchequer, and in 1607 fworn of the privy council. 
He was not only one of the beft civilians, but alfo one of 
the belt men, of his time. His parts and indultry ren¬ 
dered him an ornament to his profeffion, and his great 
charity and benevolence an ornament to human nature. 
He died the 28th of April 1639, and is buried in the 
church of Great St. Helen’s, near Biffiopfgate-ftreet, Lon¬ 
don. His monument, defigned by himfelf, reprefents a 
fcroll of parchment. The infcription, in which he engages 
himfelf willingly to pay the debt of nature to his Creator, 
is in the form of a bond, appendant to which is his feal or 
coat of arms, with his name affixed. See vol. iii. p. 594. 
7. Sir Edward Coke, reader and treafurer, was fit'll recor¬ 
der of London, and in 1593 attorney-general ; he was af¬ 
terwards chief juftice of the common pleas; and in the 
nth of James I. promoted to be chief juftice of the king’s 
bench. See vol. iv. p. 756. 8. Sir Heneage Finch at¬ 
tained fucceffiveiy the dignities of recorder of London, 
folicitor-general, and treafurer to Charles II. He was 
younger brother to Daniel earl of Nottingham. He was 
iolickor-general the 13th of January 1678, but was re¬ 
moved from that office by James II. in April 1686, and 
“ one Powys was appointed in his Head, who was ready 
and willing to do what the other refufed.” He was in 
this reign member of parliament for Guildford in Surrey. 
On the 26th of October 1714, foon after the acceffion of 
George I. he was created earl of Ailesford. He died 
22 July 1719. 
II. The MIDDLE TEMPLE. 
The hiftory of the Middle Temple is included in that 
of the Inner Temple; the conftitutions of the two were, 
however, fomewhat different, as well as their ancient ce¬ 
remonies, and the rank and number of their officers. In 
both, and in fa£t in all the inns of court and chancery, 
the important concern of eating and drinking feems to 
have occupied the moft attention ; inftruftion, fuch as it 
was, (confiding of public readings or lectures, given by a 
principal of the fociety, and the mootings, or arguing of 
cafes,) was only a fecondary objeft. In other refpefts, 
the rigorous ftriftnefs of a univerfity was obferved. In 
the foienin revels as they are called, pojl-revels, dancings, and 
other frequent entertainments, in which the grave gen¬ 
tlemen of the bench indulged, an abfurd degree of homage 
COURT. 71 
feems to have been exafled from the inferiors to the prin¬ 
cipals of the fociety, and the minuteft punctilios in drefs 
and behaviour watched with a ridiculous anxiety. Thefe 
badges of ftavery, for fuch they really appear to be, in the 
arbitrary way they were formerly infilled on, though in 
fome relpeCls they might have their ufe, are now all done 
away with; and the law-ftudent, according to the pre- 
fent fyftem, is only required to dine a certain number of 
times during term in. the hall of the fociety, or, as a late 
writer emphatically terms it, “ to eat his way to the bench,” 
which is called keeping his commons . To dine a fortnight 
in each term, is deemed keeping the term ; and twelve of 
thefe terms qualify a Undent to be called to the bar, that 
is, to be entitled to plead and manage caufes for clients 
in the courts. 
The fociety of the Middle Temple, as well as the Inner 
Temple, confifts of benchers, or fuch as have been read¬ 
ers, anciently called apprentices of the law, members, bar- 
rifters, and ftudents, formerly denominated utter barrifters 
and inner barrifters, being ftudents under-feven years, and 
all of whom had their commons in the hall. The govern¬ 
ment of the fociety is veiled in the benchers, whole gene¬ 
ral meetings to tranfafl bufinefs are (and long have been) 
dignified with the name of parliaments, and are held with, 
much ftate and formality. 
The officers and fervants are, a treafurer, fub-treafurer, 
fteward, chief butler, three under butlers, upper and un¬ 
der cook, a pannier-man, a gardener, two porters, two 
waflipots, and watchmen ; anciently there were four un¬ 
der butlers, who wore gowns, and four walhpots, befid’es 
a turn-broach, two fcullions, See. all of whom, except the 
porter and gardener, had their diet in the houfe, befides 
wages and other perquifites belonging to their offices. 
The porter’s lodge, now near the hall, was anciently un¬ 
der the Middle Temple gateway ; and he was entitled to 
receive the rent of two (hops on the eaft fide. 
The following were anciently the duties of the feveral 
officers and members of this fociety ; and, as affording a 
picture of old manners, are interefting. “ The fteward is 
to provide the ordinary diet for the houfe, (extraordinary 
being tobe taken care of by the fecond cook ;) he is allowed 
his fervant, befides a porter and pannier-man, to bring in 
the meat; and keeps a roll, in which the names of all per- 
fons are entered, who are either in whole or in half 
commons, viz. half the week, and fuch only as take re- 
pafts; every repaft being one meal in the hall, and of 
which two and no more are allowed ; for if they exceed 
that number it is reckoned as half a week; and accord¬ 
ingly they are rated at the week’s end, viz. Saturday, 
when he calls up the commons in the prefence of two ut¬ 
ter barrifters in the term-times, and two gentlemen under 
the bar in vacation-time, who are to overfee him and to 
examine his accounts, being termed auditors. But it be¬ 
longs to the chief butler, and not to the fteward, -to no¬ 
tice the names of fuch as are in commons, which are en¬ 
tered in the buttery-book ; out of which the fteward 
makes up his roll ; and his account fo made up is final. 
Any gentleman, therefore, who happens to be mifeharged 
mull pray an allowance of another week, half a week, &c. 
which is granted him on proving fuch overcharge. To 
the fteward and his fervant it belongs to ferve in the meat 
in melfes through the whole hall, except to the mailers of 
the bench-table and their alfociates, (being like fellow- 
commoners in the univerfities,) who are ferved by the fe¬ 
cond butler and his affillant; and the mailers of the bar, 
that is, the premier bar-table, confifting of fuch as have 
been readers of New Inn, or fuch whofe puifnes have 
been readers there, who are ferved by the feccnd butler 
and the pannier-man. 
“ The chief butler is to keep a buttery-book, and en¬ 
ter into it fuch orders as are made by the bench at table, 
in the fame manner as the under treafurer is to enter thofe 
made in parliament; he is likewife to enter the names of 
thofe who are admitted into commons. He is to provide 
bread and beer, and green earthen drinking-pots, which are 
paid 
