I N N 
he is no give ft, but a lodger, and fo not under the inn¬ 
keeper’s protection ; but if he eats and drinks, or pays 
for his diet, it is otherwife. 12 Mod. 255. If any theft be 
comi'nitted on a gueft that ladgeth in an inn, by the fer- 
vants of the inn, or by any other perfons (not the gueft’s 
fervant or companion), the innkeeper is anfvverabJe in ac¬ 
tion on the cafe; but if the gueft be not a traveller, but 
one of the fame town, the matter of the inn is not charge¬ 
able for his fervant’s theft; and, if a man is robbed in a 
private tavern, the mailer is not chargeable. S Rep. 32, 33. 
One came to an innkeeper and requelted him to take 
charge of goods till a future day, which the innkeeper re¬ 
filled, becaufe his houfe was full of parcels ; the perfon 
bringing the goods then fat down in the inn, had fome 
liquor, and put the goods on the floor immediately behind 
him : when he got up, the goods were mifling. Held, that 
the innkeeper was liable, the goods being loft during the 
time the plaintiff ttaid as a gucjl. 5 Term Rep. 273. 
In this atflion the innkeeper (hall not anfwer for any 
thing that is out of his inn, but only for fuch things as 
infra hofpitium, the words of the writ being eorum bona & 
catalla infra kofpitia ilia exijlentia, &c. But, if the innkeeper 
put the guelt’s horfe to grafs, without orders, and the horfe 
is ftolen, he lhall make it good. 8 Rep. 34. The inn¬ 
keeper lhall not be charged, unlefs there lhall be linne 
default in him or his fervant; for, if he that comes with 
the gueft, or who defires to lodge with him, fteal his goods, 
the hoft is not chargeable ; though, if an innkeeeper ap¬ 
point one to lie with another, he fliall anfwer for him. 
Although the gueft deliver not his goods to the inn¬ 
keeper to keep, &c. if they be ftolen, he fliall be charged ; 
but not where the hoftler requires his gueft to put them 
in fuch a chamber under lock and key, if he fuffers them 
to be in an outward court, &c. 2 Shep. Abr. 334. See 
further under the word Alehouse, before referred to. 
IN'NO, f. [Italian.] In mufic books, a hymn; a fpi- 
ritual fong. 
IN'NOCENCE, or In'nocency, f. [ innocence , Fr. inno- 
centia, Lat.] Purity from injurious action; untainted in¬ 
tegrity.—Simplicity and lpotlefs innocence. —What comfort 
does overflow the devout foul from a confcioufnefs of its 
own innocence and integrity. Tillotfon. —Freedom from guilt 
imputed : 
If truth and upright innocency fail me. 
I’ll to the king my mafter. Shakefpcare. 
Harmleflnefs ; innoxioufnefs.—The air was calm and fe- 
rene; none of thofe tumultuary motions and conflicts of 
vapours which the mountains and the winds caufe in 
■curs ; ’twas fuited to a golden age, and to the firft inno¬ 
cency of nature. Burnet. —Simplicity of heart, perhaps with 
fome degree of weaknefs.—We laugh at the malice of apes, 
as well as at the innocence of children. Temple. 
I urge this childhood proof, 
Becaufe what follows is pure innocence. Shakefpcare. 
IN’NOCENT, adj. Pure from mifchief: 
Something 
You may deferve of him through me and wifdom. 
To offer up a weak, poor, innocent, lamb, 
T’ appeafe an angry God. Shakefpeare. 
Free from any particular guilt: 
Good madam, keep yourfelf within yourfelf; 
The man is innocent. Shakefpeare. 
Unhurtful; harmlefs in effects s 
The fpear 
Sung innocent, and fpent its force in air. Pope. 
IN'NOCENT, f. One free from guilt or harm : 
If murth’ring innocents be executing, 
Why, then thou art an executioner. Shakefpeare. 
A natural; an idiot.— Innocents are excluded by natural 
defefts. Hooker. 
IN'NOCENT I. pope, and a faint in the Roman ca¬ 
lendar, was a native of Albano, and unanimoufly elefted 
INN 87 
bifliop of Rome by the clergy and people, bn the death 
of Anaftafius, in the year 402. He w-as the firft who per- 
fecut.ed the Novatians at Rome, by depriving them of 
their churches, and preventing their aflembling in public 
for religious worfhip. Not long afterwards, however, the 
pontiff himfelf was punifhed for his tyranny, in ccnfe- 
quence of the irruption of the Goths under Alaric into 
Italy,"who advanced to Rome, and laid clofe fiege to that 
city about the end of the year 408. See the article Rome. 
When the departure of the Goths enabled him to return 
to Rome, he evinced that the fchool of adverfity had not 
produced its proper effefl upon him, by renewing his 
perfecution of the Novatians, whom he caufed to be ba- 
niflied from the city, and alfo by his perfecution of the 
Pelagians, wdiom he declared to be not only unworthy of 
Chriftian communion, but of human fociety, and even of 
life. He died in the year 417, after having prefided over 
the Roman church about fifteen years. Theodoret fays, 
that he was a perfon of great addrefs, and a lively genius ; 
and he was generally efteemed well acquainted with the 
laws and traditions of the church. Hence he was fre¬ 
quently confulted by the weftern, and fometimes by the 
eaftern, bifhops, on points of faith and difeipline. Of 
this deference which was paid to his judgment, he took 
advantage to propagate many falfe and dangerous opini¬ 
ons, all tending to the diminution of the epilcopal power, 
and the advancement of the papal. The dignity of the 
apoftolic fee was the conftant theme of his correfpondence ; 
and he firft claimed, by divine right, the power of finally- 
deciding all ecclefiaftical controverfies and difputes. It 
is true, that no regard was paid to fuch claims; but by 
advancing them, he furniftied his fucceflors .with a pre¬ 
tence to plead fome antiquity for the opinions and prin¬ 
ciples upon which they proceeded. Accordingly, his 
Decretals, which, as Jortin remarks, fufficiently fhow his 
tifurping and domineering Ipir.it, and his willies to make 
the Chriftian world fubmit to his infolence, have been 
frequently quoted by the advocates to the fee of Rome, 
to Ihow how early the popes claimed, as the fucceflors of 
St. Peter, an univerfal authority and jurifdiftion. Thirty- 
four Letters, which have been attributed to him, are in- 
ferted in the firft volume of the Letters of the Popes, pub- 
liflied by father Couftant, and the fubjefts of them may be 
feen in Dupin; but the ableft and molt impartial critics 
confider the greater part of them to be luppolititious. 
IN'NOCENT II. (pope), whofe former name was Gre¬ 
gory, w'as a defeendant from a noble family at Rome, of 
wdiich city he was a native. He commenced his ecclefi¬ 
aftical life as a regular canon of St. John de Lateran, 
and became abbot of the monaftery of St. Nicholas and St. 
Benedict. He is faid to have led a molt exemplary life 
from his infancy, and to have been diftinguiflied for emi-. 
nent abilities and ftrift probity, while he was at the fame 
time of a inoft humane and-courteous difpofition. Thefe 
qualities recommended him to pope Urban II. who pro¬ 
moted him to the facred college by the title of Cardinal 
of St. Angelo. When pope Gelafius II. was obliged to- 
retire to France, he was one of the cardinals who accom¬ 
panied him; and he was employed by popes Callixtus II.. 
and Honorius II. in feveral important negociations, at 
home and abroad. Upon the death of the pontiff laft 
mentioned, in the year 1130, feveral cardinals, defirous of 
excluding from the popedom Peter cardinal of St. Mary, 
defied the cardinal of St. Angelo to that dignity, and 
inverted him with the pontifical ornaments before the 
death of Honorius was publicly known. This v election fe¬ 
veral other cardinals and bifnops r and aimoft the whole body 
of the Roman people, clergy, and nobility, confidered to 
be uncanonical, and therefore on the fame day chofe the 
cardinal of St. Mary’s ; upon which both were immedi¬ 
ately confecrated by their refpeftive partifans, when the 
cardinal of St. Angelo took the name of Innocent II. and 
his rival that of Anacletus II. The party of the latter,, 
however, proved, fo powerful at Rome, that Innocent was 
obliged to flee with the cardinals who defied him to Pifa„ 
where 
