100 
inoculation; 
the cow-pox had been given to fir George Baker, many 
years before, by his relation, the rev. Herman Drewe, of 
Abbots in Dorfetlhire, and feveral medical practitioners; 
but, not gaining credit, it was never publifhed. The 
fame circumftance had alfo been noticed in a weekly pa¬ 
per, called General Amufements, publifhed at Gottingen 
in 1769. The author, whofe name was not announced, 
l'peaking of the difeafes laid by Livy to be common to 
men and cattle, obferves, that the cow-pox prevails in the 
neighbourhood of Gottingen, and infefts the milkers ; 
and that thofe who have had the cow-pox flatter thern- 
felves they are perfectly fecure againfl: the infection of the 
fmall-pox. He alfo tells us, he had made many inquiries, 
and was well allured by very refpeftable perfons, that this 
opinion of the milkers was well-founded. But the moft 
ancient reference to the prophylactic power of this difor- 
der on record, is probably that in Ring’s Treatife on the 
Cow-pox, p. 167. It is as follows: “Being defirous of 
knowing whether there was any allufion to this difeafe 
in any ancient author, I wrote to Dr. Jenner on that fub- 
jeCt; who favoured me with the following anfwer ? I 
know of no direCt allufion to the difeafe in any ancient 
author; yet the following feems not very diftantly to 
bear upon it. When the duchefs of Cleveland was taunted 
-by fome of her companions, that (he might foon have to 
deplore the lofs of that beauty which was then her boaft, 
the fmall-pox at that time raging in London, file replied, 
that flie had no fears about the matter; for ftie had had a 
difcrder, which would prevent her from ever catching 
the fmall-pox. This was lately communicated to me by 
a gentleman in this country; but unfortunately he could 
not recoiled; from what author he derived his intelli¬ 
gence.” 
A letter from Portugal to Dr. Alibert at Paris, (1801,) 
after mentioning the oppofition which had hitherto been 
made to the vaccine inoculation in that country, fays, 
6 ‘ Some one has found here, in a Portuguefe work, that 
the vaccine inoculation was pradifed at Lifbon and in the 
neighbourhood fo early as 161;, and was thence fpread 
to Gallicia.; but that, for unknown reafons, it was after¬ 
wards abandoned.'” 
From about the year 1801, vaccination began to make 
a rapid progrefs in every quarter of the world. The new 
difeafe was conveyed from the ardic circle to the extremes 
of Afia and Africa, and the fubllitute was adopted by 
the hardy Fin, as well as the blamelefs Hindoo, and fil¬ 
thy Hottentot, with equal ardour. It is highly probable 
that, within feven years, more perfons have been vacci¬ 
nated than ever received the variolous infedion within 
fix times that period, perhaps within the period of its ac¬ 
tual pradice. To America it was conveyed with the 
zealous care of a miiTionary, and carried along the vaft 
extent of its coaft from Newfoundland to the lfraits of 
Magellan, and again to that ifland or continent, the flap¬ 
ping-ftone between the old and new world, New Holland, 
in modern language Auftralafia. If then vaccination has 
failed, it is not from the deficient zeal or adivity of its 
partifans. While Dr. Jenner, having produced the babe, 
waited for events, and fieemed for a time unconfcious of 
its improvements, and unwilling to fuperintend its pro- 
°refs,,Dr. George Pearfon cherifhed and eagerly introduced 
ft to the .world. To this very able and intelligent phyfi- 
cian, the fecond parent of vaccination, we are greatly in¬ 
debted for much information refpeding this communi¬ 
cated difeafe, and the diltinguifiling charaderiftics of the 
-true vaccine pultule ; and the Jennerian Inftitution, after 
Dr. Jenner had taken a more adive part in the fubjed he 
firft introduced, contributed, by careful inquiries and 
anxious inveftigation, equally to eftablifh truth, and avoid 
the errors which might obfcure it. Dr. Sacco, of Milan, 
Lent to Dr. Pearfon cow-pox matter taken from the Mi- 
.lanefe cows ; and this matter was employed on feveral pa¬ 
tients at the Jennerian Inftitution , on all of which it pro¬ 
duced precifely the fame difeafe as that from the Englifh. In 
a work publilhed by Dr. Sacco, in Italian, entitled, Prac¬ 
tical Obfervations on the life of the Cow-pock, as a Prs- 
fervative againfl: the Small-pox, he gives the following 
account of the manner in which he procured the pus for 
inoculation, and alfo a reprefentation of a cow’s udder in- 
feded with the malady. “For fome time I had been ex¬ 
tremely defirous to repeat the experiments of Jenner, and 
for this purpofe made diligent fearch to difcover the cow- 
pox in Lombardy, it being extremely difficult, efpecially 
in the prefenr circurnftances, to obtain the pus from Eng¬ 
land. A fortunate combination of circurnftances, by 
which it became neceflary for me to go to the large town 
of Varefe in the beginning of autumn, procured me an 
opportunity of examining a number of cows on their way 
from SwifTerland to the fair of Lugano ; and by this means 
I had a favourable opportunity to make fuch refearches 
as migjit difcover in fome one of them the cow-pox. It 
was on this occaiion, that, converfing with fome dealers 
in cattle, and countrymen who had large dairies in Lower 
Lombardy, I learnt that the cows among us are fubjed 
to the cow-pox. In this inquiry I took care to propofe 
my queftions in fuch a manner as to prevent the rifle of 
being impofed upon. A farmer of Cremona, who had 
bought forty cows in SwifTerland, and had driven them 
from thence as far as Varefe, allured me that alrftoft all of 
them had been fucceffively attacked with puftules on the 
extremity of their nipples, and fome of thefe were now 
converted into incruftations. I vifited the cows, and had 
an opportunity of verifying his aflertions. I picked off 
fome of thefe incruftations, with an intention of applying 
them in fomentation, if, perchance, I could not procure 
the true pus for inoculation. The fame farmer promifed 
me an opportunity of feeing this difeafe with my own 
eyes; and for this purpofe conduded me to a neighbour¬ 
ing meadow, in which we found a herd of cows belong¬ 
ing to a friend of his. We examined thefe cows, and 
difeovered on two of them different red fpots, which the 
farmer aflured me was the firft ftage of the difeafe ; no 
other fymptom appeared on the cows, but a flight degree 
of dejedion. He aflured me that this was the very dif¬ 
eafe I was in queft of, and that, in the courfe of two days, 
the puftules would unfold themfelves. At this vifit which 
I made to the cows, there was prefent a dealer in the 
Grifons cows, who fully confirmed the truth of thefe af- 
fertions. He alfo added, that in his country he had feen 
the cows afflided with a fimilar eruption on their dugs, 
and to remove the incruftations it was common to anoint 
them with boiled oil ufed for varnifh ; and that by this 
means they fell off in the courfe of two or three days. 
Early next morning I went again to fee the cows, exa¬ 
mined them anew, and found on one of them four red 
fpots already tumid and railed into puftules; three of thefe 
were fpread over the nipples, and the fourth lay in the 
middle of the dugs. The other cow had fix puftules ; 
two on the nipples, and the reft fcattered above them. 
Thefe were larger than thofe of the firft cow, and around 
them appeared a flight red circle. Apparently thefe puf¬ 
tules occafioned much pain to the cows; for, on my ap¬ 
proaching to examine them more minutely, they would 
fcarcely permit me to touch them for one moment. Al¬ 
though the puftules were already large and prominent, 
they did not yet appear to me fufficiently mature to yield 
the matter I wanted. As the cows were that day to go 
forward on their way to Milan, I found myfelf under the 
neceflity of following them to their firft halting-place, in 
order to examine them again next day. I walked out at 
an early hour to the meadow where they were at pafture. 
I examined the puftules, which appeared to me to be now 
arrived at maturity. They were lucid, and of a pale red 
colour, with a brown fpot in the middle more deprefied ; 
and I thought this a favourable moment to collect the 
matter, which, through the afliftance of the herdfman, I 
was eafily enabled to do by repeatedly foaking a thread in 
it. Although I faw no reafon to doubt that this was the 
true cow-pox, yet, this being the firft time I had ever 
feen it, I began to fufpeft that the puftules might be of 
£ that 
