186 I N V 
period when the church was originally built : thirteen 
miles north-weft of. Edinburgh, and twenty-nine fouth of 
Perth. Lat. 56. 3. N. Ion. 3. 25. W. 
INVERKIETHE'NIE, a town of Scotland, in the 
county of Aberdeen: fixteen miles north of Inverary. 
INVERKIL'LER, a town of Scotland, in the county 
of Angus : five miles north of Aberbrothick. 
INVERLE'ITHING, a town of Scotland, in the coun¬ 
ty of Peebles, on a river of the fame name, with a medi¬ 
cinal fpring: live miles eaft of Peebles. 
INNERLE'ITHING, a river of Scotland, which runs 
into the Tweed five miles eaft of Peebles. 
INVERLO’CHY. See Fort William. 
INVERNESS', or perhaps Innerness, a feaport town 
of Scotland, in the county of the fame name, at the mouth 
of the river Nefs. It is a royal borough, holding its firft 
charter from Malcolm Canmore; and joins with Fortrofe, 
Nairn, and Forres, to fend one member to parliament. 
The harbour is fafe and commodious. Seven veflels be¬ 
long to it, of 400 to 500 tons; and nine boats manned by 
fix men each. The veflels trade principally to London, 
carrying fifh, flcins, and the manufacture of the country, 
bringing back grocery, &c. The manufactures of the 
town are leather, coarfe hempen cloth, bagging, lacking, 
&c. linen, and thread. The memorable battle of Cullo- 
den was fought near this town. There are three national 
or Prefbyterian churches, befides one of Epifcopalians, a 
place, of worlhip for methodilts, &c. The town is large, 
well-built, and very populous, being the moft northerly 
town of any note in Britain. As there are always regular 
troops in its neighbourhood, there is a great air of polite- 
nefs, a plentiful market, and more money and bufinefs 
ftirring than could have been expected in fuch a remote 
part of the ifland. The country in the neighbourhood is 
remarkably well cultivated; and its produce clearly fhows 
that the foil and climate are not defpicable. The falmon- 
fijhery in the Nefs is very Confiderable, and is let to 
London fifhmongers. Some branches of the woollen, 
linen, and hemp, manufacture, are alfo carried on here; 
and, in confequence of the excellent military roads, there 
is a great proportion of inland trade. But, befides all 
this, Invernefs is a port wkh twenty creeks dependent 
upon it, part on the Murray frith to the eaft, and part on 
the north of the town, reaching even the fouth border of 
the county of Caithnefs. . Invernefs has feveral good 
fchools; and an academy w'as erected fome years ago on 
an extenfive and liberal plan. The inhabitants fpeak the 
Erfe and Englifh language promifeuoufly. On an emi¬ 
nence near the town are the remains of a caftle, where, 
according to fome hiltorians, the famous Macbeth mur¬ 
dered Duncan his royal gueft. 
INVERNESS' (New), a town of North America, on 
the river Alatamaha, in Georgia, built by a company of 
emigrants from the highlands of Scotland, one hundred 
and thirty of whom were brought over by general Ogle¬ 
thorpe, in 1734. It is about twenty miles from Fre¬ 
derica. 
INVERNESS-SHIRE, a county of Scotland, bounded 
on the north by Rofslhire: on the eaft by the fliires of 
Nairne, Murray, and Aberdeen; on the fouth, by thofe 
of Perth and Argyle; and on the weft, by the Atlantic 
ocean. Its extent from north to fouth is above 45 miles; 
from eaft to weft about 75. The northern part of this 
county is very mountainous and barren. I n- the diftriCt 
of Glenelg are the ruins of feveral ancient circular 
buildings, fimilar to thofe in the Weltern Ifles, Suther¬ 
land, and Rofs-lhires; concerning the ufes of which anti¬ 
quarians are not agreed. In their outward appearance, 
they are round and tapering like glafs-houfes. In the 
heart of the wall, which is perpendicular within, there 
are horizontal galleries going quite round, and connected 
by Hairs. Thefe. afeend toward the top, which is open. 
They are all built of ftone, without lime or mortar of 
any kind. They have no opening outward, except the 
doo; s and the top; but there are feveral in the infide, as 
I N V 
windows to the galleries. From Bernera barracks, !n 
this diftriCt, proceeds the military road to Invernefs. 
This county is nearly divided by water, fo that, by means 
of the Caledonian canal uniting Loch Nefs, Loch Oich, 
Loch Lochy, and Lochiel or Loch Eil, a communication, 
will be opened between the eaftern and weftern feas. 
This great undertaking is now going forward. In this 
tract, Fort George, Fort Augultus, and Fort William, 
form what is called the Chain oj Forts acrofs the ifland. 
By means of Fort George on the eaft, all entrance up the 
frith towards Invernefs is prevented; Fort Auguftus 
curbs the inhabitants midway; and Fort William is a 
check to any attempts in the weft. Detachments are 
made from all thefe garrifons to Invernefs, Bernera bar¬ 
racks oppofite fro the ifle of Skye, and Caftle Duart in the 
ifle of Mull. 
The river Nefs, upon which the capital of the Ihire is 
fituated, is the outlet of the great lake called Loch Nefs. 
This beautiful lake is twenty-two miles in length, and 
for the moft part one in breadth. It is fkreened on the 
north-weft by the lofty mountains of Urquhart and Meal- 
fourvony, and bordered with coppices of birch and oak-. 
The adjacent hills are adorned with many extenfive fo- 
refts of pine; which afford fhelter to the cattle, and arc 
the retreat of flags and deer. There is much cultivation 
and improvements on the banks of Loch Nefs; and the 
pafture-grounds in the neighbouring valleys are excellent. 
From the fouth, the river Fyers defeends towards this 
lake. Over this river there is built a ftupendous bridge; 
on two oppofite rocks; the top of the arch is above ico 
feet from the level of the water. A little below the 
bridge is the celebrated Fall of Fyres, where a great body 
of water darts through a narrow gap between two rocks, 
then falls over a vaft precipice into the bottom of the 
chafm, where the foam rifes and fills the air like a great 
cloud of finoke. See Fyres, vol. viii. p. 148, 9. 
Loch Oich is a narrow lake, ftretching about four miles 
from eaft to weft. It is adorned with fome fmall wooded 
iflands, and furrounded with ancient trees. Near this 
is the family-feat of Glengary, furrounded by natural 
woods of full-grown fir, which extend nine or ten miles 
along the banks of the river Gary. The waters of Loch 
Oich flow through Loch Nefs into the eaftern fea. Loch 
Lochy tranfmits its waters in an oppofite direction, this 
being the higheft part of the vaft flat traCt that here 
ftretches from fea to fea. This extenfive lake is above 
ten miles in length, and from one to two in breadth-. 
From the well, the waters of Loch Arkek defeend into 
this lake. Out of it runs the river Lochy, which about 
a mile below its iflue from the lake receives the Spean, a 
confiderable river, over which there is a magnificent 
bridge, built by general Wade, about two miles above 
the place where it falls into the Lochy. Thefe united 
ftreams, traveling the plains of Lochaber, after a coarfe 
of five or fix miles fall into Loch Eil. A few miles to 
the fouth-eaft of Loch Lochy is Glenroy, or King’s Vale. 
The north-eaft end of this valley opens on Loch Spey. 
A fmall river partes along the bottom of the vale, accom¬ 
panied by a modern road. On the declivity of the moun¬ 
tains, about a mile from the river, on either hand, are 
leen feveral roads of great antiquity. On the north- 
weft fide, five of thefe roads run parallel and clofe by 
each other. On the oppofite fide are three other roads 
exactly fimilar. Thefe roads are thirty feet broad, all 
perfectly horizontal, and extend eight or nine tniies in 
length. Their deftination or ufe has baffled the conjec¬ 
tures of antiquaries. Not far from Fort Auguftus foars 
the pointed fummit of Bennevis, which is elteemed the 
higheft mountain in Britain, rifing more than 4300 feet 
above the level of the fea. In the diftricts of Moydart, 
Arafaick, Morer, and Knoydart, there are numerous bays 
and creeks along the coalt, many of which might be ex¬ 
cellent nfning ftations. 
The fouthern part of this county is very mountainous, 
and is fuppofed to be the moft elevated grou d in Scotland. 
2 Fn m 
