]Q0 INULA. 
Cambridgefhire, Ripton and Warboys in Huntingdonfhire, 
Bunftable and Pertenhall in Bed ford (hi re, fide of Bredon- 
hill in Worcelterfhire, about St. Ive’s in Cornwall, &c. 
in Scotland it is a doubtful native. It flowers in June 
and July, and the feeds ripen at the end of Auguft. The 
root is efteemed a good pe&oral, and a conferve of it is 
recommended in diforders of the breaft ana lungs, as good 
to promote expectoration. An infufion of if frefh, fweet- 
ened with honey, is faid to bean excellent medicine in the 
hooping-cough. A decoftion of it applied outwardly, is 
laid to cure the itch. Bruifed and macerated in urine, 
with balls of aflies and vvhortle-berries, it dies a blue co¬ 
lour. A decoftion of it cures fheep that have the fcab ; 
hence it is called in fome counties Jcab-wcrt : in others it 
has the name of horfe-heal, doubtiefs from its reputed 
virtues in curing the cutaneous difeafes of horfes. ^he 
officinal name is emla campana, whence evidently our En- 
glifh elecampane is derived. In German it is alant, aland, 
alantzuurz , olant, oltzourz, helenenkraut, glochenwurz, cler grojje 
keinrick ; in Dutch, gcwoon alant, alahtfwortel ; in Danifh, 
aland, alandfroed, St. Ellen's roed-, in Swedifh, alandfrot ; in 
French, l'ir.uk aunee, I'aunec, Penule-campane, I'htrbe contre 
la gale ; in Italian, enula, enula-campana, ella, elenio ; in 
Spanifh and Portuguefe, enula-campana, ala ; in Ruffian, 
dewjatfchik, dcrvefil, o/nan, krun. 
2. Inula odora, or fweet-rooted inula: leaves ftem- 
clafping, toothed, extremely hirfute ; root-leaves ovate, 
Item-leaves lanceolate ; Item few-flowered. Root peren¬ 
nial, with an aromatic fmell and tafte; whence the trivial 
name. The items-are about two fe^t high, divided into 
feveral branches, with a few fcattering yellow flowers, 
which appear in July, but are rarely followed here by feeds. 
Native of the South of Europe, as Provence, Narbonne, 
Italy and Sicily; Ray obferved it about Medina. 
3. Inula filiaveolens, or woolly-leaved inula : leaves el¬ 
liptic, attenuated at the bafe, fubpetioled, hairy; lower 
toothed; (ternmany-flowered. This has been confounded 
with the preceding, from which however it differs confi- 
clerably. The root has no fmell, but is acrid, and confifts of 
a bundle of round dirty white fibres, iffuingfrom a thicker 
head. Stem ufually Angle, upright, round, purplifli, vil- 
lofe, leafy, a foot and a half high, branching only at top 
into few-flowered peduncles. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 
acute, obfcurely ferrate, wrinkled, deep green, with very 
fhort liairs above, paler and veined with longer hairs be¬ 
neath, the lower ones attenuated into the petiole, the up¬ 
per ones feffile with fome fmell. Flowers fweet-fmelling; 
inner fcales of the calyx ereft and purplifli; outer green, 
fhort and reflex. Seeds black, with white cilias. Native 
of the South of Europe ; flowering from June to Auguft. 
■ 4. Inula oculus chrifti, or hoary inula • leaves ftem- 
clafping, oblong, entire, hirfute; Item hairy, corymbed. 
Root perennial ; the whole is hirfute. Stem a foot or 
eighteen inches high, upright, hard, ftiff, hairy, dividing 
into two or three branches. Flowers in a corymb, of a fine 
yellow or golden colour, large, but fmaller than in the 
ftrft fort. Mr. Miller fays, the flowers are final], and are 
in clofe clufters; thefe appear in July, but feJdom perfect 
feeds in England. Native of Auftria, the South of France 
and Silefia. 
5. Inula Britannica, or creeping-rooted inula : leaves 
ftem-clafping, lanceolate, ferrate, diftinift, villofe under¬ 
neath; item branched, upright, villofe. Root perennial; 
item near two feet high, dividing in the upper part into 
two or three upright branches, or peduncles, each fuftain- 
ing one pretty large flower, of a deep yellow colour; thefe 
are in beauty in July,, but feldom ripen feeds here. It 
has the habit of I. dyfenterica, but the fieri) is loftier and 
more 'upright; the leaves narrower, and finely ferrate. 
The variety /3 differs only in having the ftem and under 
furface of the leaves more villofe. The petals of the ray 
are very narrow. It differs from the next fpecies, accord¬ 
ing to Krocker, in having a creeping root, the item 
eighteen inches high, more diffufed, round, jointed; the 
leaves four inches long, half an inch or .even an inch in 
breadth, hifpid aboutthe edges; the flower? have, the farm 
of the after, are folitary, terminating broader ; the diffe 
wider, the ray fhorter, both of a golden colour. Natjve 
of Germany, Scani.a, Siberia, and Piedmont. 
6. Inula dyfenterica; meadow inula, or common or mid¬ 
dle fleabane ; leaves ftem-clafping, cordate-oblong; ftem 
villofe, panicled, caiycine fcales briftle-Cnapedi Root pe¬ 
rennial, creeping, whitifh, the tliicknefs of a'goofe-qui!!, 
with largifh fibres. Stem from one to two feet high, up¬ 
right, round, firm, folid, ftriated, down}', branched more 
or lefs towards the top. Native of mofl parts of Europe, 
in m'oift meadows, watery places, by the fides of ditches, 
brooks, and rivers ; flowering from July to Oftober, and 
frequently over-running large trafts of land, generally 
left untouched by all forts of cattle. Ray obferves, that 
the leaves when bruifed fmell like foap. Rutty informs, 
us that the juice is faltifh, and warms the mouth a little; 
that the decoftion is fomewhat acrid in the throat, at the 
fame time aftringent and turning green with vitriol of 
iron; that the infufion is fomewhat aftringent, very bitter 
in the throat, and turning black with vitriol of iron. 
Linnaeus in'his Flora Suecia mentions his having been in¬ 
formed by general Keit, that the Ruffian foldiers, in their 
expedition againft Perfia, were cured of the bloody flux 
by the ufe of this plant, whence Linnaeus gave it the name 
of dyfenterica. It is called by our old authors middle jlea- 
bane, and w'a's fuppofed by its fmoke in-burning to chafe 
away fleas and other infects. Forflcal lays it is named in' 
Arabic rara ejub, or Job’s-tears, from a notion that Job 
ufed a decoction of this herb to cure his ulcers; and it 
was formerly recommended in the itch aaid other cutane¬ 
ous diforders. 
7. Inula vifeofa, or clammy inula : leaves lanceolate, 
toothletted, feffile, reflex at the bale; peduncles lateral, 
one-flowered, leafy. This has been already described un¬ 
der Linnaeus’s name of Erigeron vifeofum. It is a native 
of the South of Europe, and was cultivated here in 1633, 
as appears from Johnfon’s edition of Gerarde’s Herbal. " • 
8. Inula undulata, or wave-leaved inula : leaves ftem- 
clafping, cordate-lanceolate, waved. Stem a foot high, 
round, upright, fubtomentofe; branches five, alternate, 
very ftiff and ftraight, rod-like, fubdivided at the top. 
Native of Egypt; flowers in July. 
9. Inula Indica, or Indian inula: leaves ftem-clafping, 
cordate-lanceolate, ferrate; peduncles one-flowered^ fili¬ 
form ; flowers globular. This is an annual plant, refem- 
blingthe next l'ort, but larger and ftiiTer; leaves fomewhat 
rugged, fharp, naked above, fubtomentofe beneath. Pe¬ 
duncles many times as long as the flower, fometimes hav¬ 
ing a Angle leaf on them ; flowers like thole of I. pulica¬ 
ria, but with a longer ray, and the calyx lefs hirfute.' 
Native of the Eaft Indies. 
10. Inula pulicaria, or trailing inula or fieabane: leaves 
ftem-clafping, waved; ftem proftrate; flowers fubglobular 
wfith a very fhort ray. This is an annual plant, with a 
very trailing ftem, not at all hairy, and a globular calyx. 
What has been taken for the pulicaria of Linnaeus by bo- 
tanifts of England and other countries is different, and 
now therefore made a diftinfl fpecies. See the next fol¬ 
lowing. The variety is larger and more rigid, but ftill 
much fmaller than ours. Native of Scania, where water 
ftagnates in winter; and even in the ftreets of Lund. 
11. Inula uliginofa, finall, dwarf, or marfh, inula, or 
fleabane : upper leaves ftem-clafping, lanceolate, waved, 
blunt; ftem upright, woolly towards the top ; calyxes 
cylindrical. Root annual, fibrous, whitifh, jointed, gene¬ 
rally crooked. .Stem'from.a fpan to a-foot in height, up¬ 
right, not proftrate, ftriated, crooked, often tinged with 
purple, much branched ; branches alternate, like the ftem. 
Native of many parts of Europe, where water has ftag- 
nat-cd during the winter by road-fides, on the borders of 
ponds, &c. particularly in a ftiffifh foil. It flowers from 
Auguft to October. 
The I. pulicaria of other European botanifts feems to 
be the.fame with our’s, and mot Linnsus’s. The deferip- 
tions 
