INULA. 
191 
tions of Haller, Sc.opoli, Pollich,. and Krocker, agree very- 
well with oar plant; that of the laft author particularly is 
excellent. This alfo is laid to drive away fleas and gnats, 
and is given by fome to horfes for the botts. 
ia. Inula Atabica, or Arabian inula : leaves oblong, 
feflile, peduncles filiform, calyxes cylindrical. This re- 
fembles I. pulicaria lb much, that it Ihould be diftinguilhsd 
from it with caution. The leaves are fupfpatulate, by no 
means embracing or waved. Calyxes cylindrical (not 
globular), with approximating (not fquarrofe) fcales. Pe¬ 
duncles longer, often in pairs. Ray of the corolla longer, 
dilk narrower. Native of the Eaft Indies and Arabia. 
13. Inula fpirasifolia, or fpiraea-leaved inula: leaves 
fubfefiile, ovate-oblong, naked, netted, cluttered, ferrulate; 
flowers terminating fubfeflile. The flowers of this are 
icarcely peduneled. It is a native of Italy. 
14. Inula fquarrofa, or net-leaved inula : leaves feflile, 
oval, even netted-veined, fubcrenate; calyx fquarrofe. 
Root perennial. Stems feveral, a foot or eighteen inches 
high 5 Miller fays two feet, which may be true of garden 
plants. The flowers are pretty large, of a pale yellow co¬ 
lour, and appear in July, but are not followed by feeds in 
this country. In the autumn this plant puts on a differ¬ 
ent appearance; the Italic dies, and feveral young ones 
fipring from the root, as in the feventh fort, weak, red, 
clammy-haired; leaves foft, ovate-lanceolate, clammy- 
pubelcent, feflile, with a fmell like elder; the ftern and 
leaves retain their pubefcence through the winter; but in 
the fpring they become bald, the lower leaves perifli, and 
the ftems are leafy only at top. On account of this va¬ 
riety in the habit, it was long miftaken for I. falicina ; 
■which it refembles indeed, but has a Item rather round 
though ftriated, whereas in I. falicina it is angular ; the 
leaves are fmaller, firmer, (horter, with the end not fharp, 
as in the other; the notches unequal, and a little lefs ; 
the calyx has five rows of fcales in that, but it has only 
two or three at moft in this, ending Iharply ; in I. falicina, 
they are blunt, but awned ; the radical florets are nar¬ 
rower and longer alio in that than in this. Native of 
Italy and the South of France. 
15. Inula bubonium : leaves lanceolate, fomewhat ri¬ 
gid, tootldetted, fubvillofe, feflile; Item and branches fub- 
biflorous ; calyx fquarrofe. This whole plant has fome 
fmell, and a bitter unpleafant tafte. Root perennial, con¬ 
fiding of numerous long and thick fibres. Stems feveral, 
upright, a foot and half high, roundilh, leafy, fometimes 
quite fimple, and terminated by a few peduneled flowers, 
fometimes putting forth from feveral leaves fimple axil¬ 
lary branchlets. Seeds linear, brown, Itriated, crowned 
with a hairy feflile down, appearing villofe to the mag¬ 
nifier. Native of Auftria ; flowering in Auguft and Sep¬ 
tember. 
16. Inula falicina, or willow-leaved inula: leaves lan¬ 
ceolate recurved, ferrate fcabrous; branches angular; 
lower flowers higheft. Root perennial, aromatic, fubaf- 
tringent, fmelling like cinnamon. Stem from a foot to 
two and even three feet in height, upright, fmooth, hard, 
firm, tinged with red, grooved or angular towards the 
top, where it is ufually branched. It differs from the 
next fpecies in having the Item fmooth, grooved, or an¬ 
gular at top; and the leaves fmooth, except that the edge 
js rugged. Native of Germany, Swiflerland, Auffria, and 
the South of France. 
17. Inula hirta, or hairy inula : leaves feflile lanceolate, 
recurved, fubferrate-fcabrous ; Item roundilh, fomewhat 
hairy ; lower flowers higheft. This has the habit of the 
preceding; but the leaves are broader, b Ion ter, fcarce ap¬ 
parently ferrate, veined, rugged, efpecially cm the edge 
and along the keel, and rough on both fides with a fub- 
rufous woollinefs. The fern has leaves and ftiffilli hairs 
fcattered over it, and is entirely round, not grooved and 
angular. 
Linnaeus fufpe&s that Seguier’s plant referred to here 
under 1 . fquarrofa, may be the fame with this, on account 
of the fimilitude in the 'calyxes. Viliars fays, that none 
of Limiaeus’-sTynoKyms accord with this fpecies : he thinks 
however that the hirta of that author is the fame with his 
plant, becaufe they both referable I. falicina, and the 
leaves are rugged and almoft entire. Pollich deferibes 
the root as thick and fibrous ; Item upright, a foot or 
eighteen inches high, round,, angular, fubpubefeent, 
branched ; leaves alternate, embracing, entire, but com¬ 
monly crenate, four inches long and half an inch wide, 
foft, pubefeent, pale green, hanging down. Flowers hand- 
fome, an inch and half in diameter. According to Kroq- 
ker, it differs from the preceding, in having longer, 
broader, blunter, leaves ; and from 1. dyfenterica in hav¬ 
ing a higher Item, the lower flowers ftanding above the 
upper ones, and the whole habit lefs tomentol'e and lefs 
white. Native of France, Germany, Swiflerland, Auftria, 
Siberia. Cultivated in 1759 by Mr. Miller; and flower¬ 
ing here from June to September. 
18. Inula Mariana, or American inula: leaves feflile, 
lanceolate, fubferrate, hairy; peduncles fubuniflorous, 
fomewhat clammy; leaflets linear. The whole plant has 
foft white hairs thinly fcattered over it, efpecially the 
lower furface of the leaves. The flowers terminate the 
flem in a fort of corymb, but the peduncles or branches 
are commonly one-flowered, with pedicelled glands fcat¬ 
tered over them. It rifes with a ftrong ftalk about a fool; 
and half high, pretty clofely fet with prickly hairs. 
Leaves about three inches long, and near one inch broad 
in the middle. Towards the upper part of the ffalk there 
are Angle flowers coming out from the axils at each joint, 
and the ffalk is terminated by a clutter of fmali yellow- 
flowers. It flowers in Auguff, but has hot perfected feeds 
in England. Native of Maryland and Carolina; the feeds 
were fent to Mr. Miller in the year 1741, by his late 
friend Dr. Thomas Dale, which fucceeded in the Chelfea- 
garden, where the plants flowered the following year ; 
but, the feafon proving too cold to ripen the feeds, and 
the plants being biennial, they periflied in winter. 
19. Inula Germanica, or German inula: leaves feflile,. 
lanceolate, recurved, fcabrous; flowers fomewhat fickle- 
fliaped. This bears much refemblance to I. falicina, pap» 
ticularly in the leaves, which however are fliorter ; the 
flowers are cylindrical, and cluftered at the top of the 
ftalk into a corymb; but the principal difference, accord¬ 
ing to Monf. Viliars, is in the calyx; which is almoft 
oval, lengthened, and compofed of three rows of fcales 
curved outwards at their upper extremity. Pollich de-,. 
feribes the flem as upright, a foot or eighteen inches high* 
round, pubefeent, fomewhat rugged, a little branched at 
top and curved towards the bottom. Flowers fmali, ter¬ 
minating in a fort of clofe umbel.. Native of the South 
of France, Germany, Auftria, Siberia. Mr. Miller lays, 
it grows between three and four feet in height; that the. 
leaves are turned backward, are indented on their edges, 
and rough on their upper fide ; that it flowers in June, 
and the feeds ripen in autumn. 
i.o. Inula Japonica, or Japonefe inula : leaves feflile, 
lanceolate, tootldetted; peduncles rod-like, one-flowered.' 
Stem herbaceous, round, ftriated, villofe, upright, a foot 
high and more. Native of Japan. 
si. Inula dubia, or doubtful inula: leaves fdTile, ob¬ 
long, ciliate ; flem one-flowered. Stem herbaceous, Am¬ 
ple, ftriated, villofe, as is the whole plant; flexuofe-ereff, 
a foot high, leaflefs at top. Native of Japan. 
ss. Inula enfifolia, orlword-leaved inula: leaves feflile, 
linear, acuminate, nerved, fmooth, fcattered ; flem one-or 
two-flowered. Root perennial; ftems annual, from‘fix 
inches to a foot in height. Native of Auftria, on rocks 
among bullies, flowering in Auguft. , 
23. Inula crithmoides, trifid inula, or golden famphires 
leaves linear, flefny, three-cufped. Native of England, 
France, Spain, Portugal, the coafts of the Mediterranean- 
lea, Barbary, &c. and Arabia; in falt-marlhes, in a muddy 
foil. Mr. Miller fays, he obferved it plentifully near 
Sheernefs, in the Me of Sbepey, in Kent; where Gerarde, 
Ray, and others, had, feen it before.; Ray rftfo remarked it 
