192 I N U 
in a marfh near Hurft-caflle, over again ft the Ifte of Wight, 
and on the rocks at Llandwyn in Anglefea; Mr. Newton 
found it on'the bank of the river juft above Fulbridge at 
Malden in Eflex. According to Miller, it rifes with an 
■upright ftalk a foot and a half high. LeavesTucculent, 
flefhy, an inch and quarter long and one-eighth of an inch 
broad, ending in three points, and coming out in clufters. 
It flowers in July, and the feeds ripen in autumn. The 
younger branches are frequently fold in the London 
markets for famphire; but this is a great abufe, becaufe 
this plant has none of the warm aromatic tafte of true fam¬ 
phire, Critkmum maritimum. 
24.. Inula provincialis, or oval-leaved inula: leaves 
fubferrate, tomentofe underneath ; root-leaves petioled, 
ovate; Item upright, one-flowered. This plant has ftrong 
fibres to the root; ftem a footjiigh, quite Ample, villofe. 
Flowers rather large. According to Gouan, it is not un¬ 
like Senecio incanus, being hoary all over. Haller fays it 
is ,a handfome plant, with a \v,oody root having abundance 
of fine fibres; ftem not branched, nak,ed, half a foot high, 
one-flowered; flower an inch in diameter, fpreading; 
radial florets about fourteen, three-toothed. Native of 
the South of France, where it was found about Narbonne, 
by Pech on the Corbieres, a part of the Pyrenees; alfo in 
the Upper Valais, and in the mountains of Piedmont, by 
Allione. It was introduced here in 1778, by Thouin ; 
and flowers in July and Auguft. 
24. Inula montana, or mountain inula: leaves lanceo¬ 
late,, hirfute, quite entire; ftem one-flowered; calyx flicrt 
imbricate. Root hard, fibrous. Stem a foot or eighteen 
inches in height, according to Pollich; hairy, rugged, 
grooved or l'ubangular; commonly not branched, but the 
branches, when there are any, alternate. .Leaves alternate, 
feflile, from upright fpreading, fuboblique, bluntifh, pale 
green, rugged. It varies with fubferrate leaves, and fmall 
flowers ; and, when cultivated long in a garden, the 
leaves become wide, like thofe of Verbafcum ; and the ftem 
higher, ftraighter, terminated by four or five flowers. 
Lianceus oblerves, that the calyx and ftrufture of the 
plant makes it very nearly allied to the after ; and that it 
is covered with a fnowy white pubefcence. Native of 
Spain and the country about Montpellier and Vienna; in 
ali the fouthern part of Dauphine; near Turin and in 
other parts of Sardinia; in the vineyards of the Palatinate; 
in Swifferland and the Valais; cultivated in 1759 by Mr. 
Miller. It flowers in July and Auguft; but rarely ripens 
feeds here. 
26. Inula veftuans: leaves fpatulate, tomentofe under¬ 
neath. Native of South America. 
27. Inula bifror.s : leaves decurrent, oblong, toothlet- 
i«d ; flowers heaped, terminating, fubfeflile. Stem a foot 
high, fomewhat rigid, corymbed, with a ftrong fmell like 
tanly. Flowers yellow, with a ftiort ray. Biennial. 
Compare Conyza bifrons, which botanifts determine to be 
the fame plant without any ray to the flower. It flowers 
jin July and Auguft, but never perfeifts feeds in this coun¬ 
try. Native of Italy, Provence, and the Pyrenees. 
28. Inula CEerulea, or blue-flowered inula : leaves de¬ 
current, obovate, fubferrate; ftem fufrruticofe, flowers 
feflile, terminating. Though this has a blue ray to the 
flower, in which it differs from all the inulas, yet its ap¬ 
pearance or habit is quite foreign to that of the afters. 
The branches,are one-flowered. The anthers are tailed, 
as in moftof the inulas. The receptacle is honey-combed. 
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. 
29. Inula aromatica, or aromatic inula : leaves linear, 
quite entire, tomentofe, fcattered; ftem Ihrubby. Both 
natives of the Cape. 
30. Inula pinitolia, or pine-leaved inula : leaves fubu- 
],ate-linear, threeTided, cluftered very much; ftemfhrubby. 
31. Inula foetida, or flunking inula: leaves lanceolate- 
linear, quite entire; corymbs branched; rays of the flowers 
-very lhort. This is allied to Senecio foetdus, with the 
habit of Cineraria. In Linnaeus's Species, it is faid very 
much-to referable .Erigeron fcetidum, except that it has 
L A. 
radiate flowers. In the Mantifla it is faid to bear a great 
affinity to the genus Cynara. Boccone, who firft difco- 
vered this plant among the rocks of the ifland of Malta, 
thus defcribes it: Stems feveral, a foot high, ftraight, 
branched, rough with harfh hairs; leaves alfo hirfute, al¬ 
ternate, oblong, undivided, not unlike thofe of hyffop or 
the olive, blunt at the end. Flowers golden-coloured. 
32. Inula Canarienfis, or Canary inula: leaves JinearJ 
flefhy, three-cufped; ftem fhrubby. This rifes with feve¬ 
ral ihrubby ftalks near four feet high, which divide into 
fmaller branches,; leaves in clufters, narrow, flelhy, divided 
into three fegments at their points; the flowers come out 
on the fide of the branches at the top of the ftalks ; they 
are fmall, and of a pale yellow colour ; appearing in Au¬ 
guft. Native of the Canaiy iflands. 
33. Inula fatureioides, or favory-leaved inula : leaves 
linear, hirfute, oppofite ; peduncles naked, one-flowered. 
This rifes with a ihrubby ftalk about two feet high, di¬ 
viding into many fmaller branches, which are hairy. Leaves 
narrow, ftiff, feflile; from the edges of thefe arife long 
hairs, which are ftiff, and come out by pairs; at the end 
of the branches arile naked peduncles, four or five inches 
long, fuftaining one fmall, yellow, radiated flower. It 
was difcovered by Dr. Houltoun at Vera Cruz ; and was 
cultivated by Mr. Miller before 1733 
34. I.nula fruticofa, or ihrubby inula : leaves lanceo¬ 
late, acute, three-nerved underneath; caiycine fcales 
acute; item ihrubby. Stem ten or twelve feet high, di¬ 
vided into feveral woody branches. Leaves five inches 
long, and one inch and a half broad in the middle, fmooth 
on the upper fide, but pn their under having three longi¬ 
tudinal veins. The flowers are produced at the end of 
the branches, having very large fcaly calyxes; they are as 
large as a fmall fun-flower, of a pale yellow colour. It 
was difcovered by Dr. Hounftoun at Carthagena in New 
Spain ; and cultivated by Mr. Miller before 1733. 
Propagation and Culture. Common elecampane may be 
propagated by feeds, which ihould be fovvn in autumn 
loon after they are ripe; for, if they are kept till the fpring, 
they feldom grow ; but, where they are permitted to l'cat- 
ter, the plants will come up the following fpring without 
any care ; and may be either tranfplanted the following 
autumn ; or, if they are defigned to remain, they fhould 
be hoed out to the diftance of ten inches or a foot each 
way, and conftantly kept clean from weeds ; thefe roots 
will be fit for ufe the fecond year. But moft people pro¬ 
pagate the plants by offsets, which, if carefully taken 
from the old roots, with a bud, or eye, to each, will take 
root very eafily ; the beft time for this is the autumn, as 
foon as the leaves begin to decay; thefe fhould be planted 
in rows about a foot afunder, and nine or ten inches dif¬ 
tance in the rows; the fpring following the ground mult 
be kept clean from weeds ; and, if in autumn it is (lightly 
dug, it will promote the growth of the roots; thefe will 
be fit for ufe after two years growth, but the roots will 
abide many years, if they are permitted to ftand ; how¬ 
ever, the young roots are preferable to thofe which are 
old and ftringy. It loves a gentle loamy foil, not too dry. 
Species 2 to 5, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22, 24, 25, are abid¬ 
ing plants, which will thrive and flower in the open air 
in England ; they may be all propagated by parting of 
their roots. The beft time for doing this is in autumn, 
at which time the plants may be removed ; thefe may be 
intermixed with other flowering plants in the borders of 
large gardens, where they will make an agreeable variety 
during their continuance in flower. As tnefe roots mul¬ 
tiply pretty fall:, they Ihould be allowed room to lpread, 
therefore fhould not be planted nearer than two feet from 
other plants ; and, if they are removed every third year, 
it will be often enough, provided the ground between 
them is dug every winter, and, in fummer, if they are 
kept clean from weeds, they will require no other care. 
As fome of thele iorts produce good feeds in England, 
they may be propagated by lowing of the feeds in the au¬ 
tumn, on a border of light earth expofed to the eaft, 
2. where 
