-i$S 
JOACHIM. 
founta.it? of 'Siloa-m for the leaders of his. party, he was fa-- 
lusted king by them. But David ordered Solomon to be 
crowned, and anointed, by'the high-prieft Zadok and the 
prophet Nathan. Adonijah, on receiving this news, fled 
to the temple, as a fan flu ary; and Joab retired with the 
reft. Joab by this laft ftep increafed David's averfion to 
him, fo that, when near his end, he advifed Solomon to 
punilh joab, for the various violences of which he had 
been, guilty. Sometime after the death of David, Joab 
be-ing^in formed that Solomon had caufed Adonijah to be 
ppt To death, and had baniflred the high-prieft Abiathar 
to bis country-houfe at Anathoth, he thought it high 
time to provide for his own fecurity; he fled therefore to 
the temple, and laid hold on the horns of the altar. So¬ 
lomon fent Benalah and Jehoisda, who required him to 
quit his afylum ; but, Joab anfyvering that he would die 
upon the fpot, Solomon ordered execution upon the foot 
of. the altar. Thus died joab. He was buried by Be- 
naiah in his own houfe in the Wildernefs, A.M. 2290, 
.ante A. D. 1014. 
JO'ACHIM, a pious but fanatical Italian monk in the 
twelfth century, and founder of the congregation of Flora, 
belonging to the Ciftercian order, was born at Celico, 
near Cofenza, in the kingdom of Naples, but in what year 
is uncertain, fome authors placing the date of his birth 
about mi, and others in 1130. After receiving a com¬ 
mon fchool-education till he was fourteen years of age, 
■his father, who was a notary, obtained for him fome poll 
attached to the court of Naples, in which he ferved for 
fome time. Having afterwards refolved to vifit the holy 
places in Paleftine, he left Naples, without communicating 
his defign to his father, and reached Conftantinople, where 
■ he.made fome flay. While he continued in this city, he 
was fo alarmed at the extraordinary mortality produced 
by a peftilential difbrder, that he made a vow to renounce 
the world; and, having affumed the habit of a hermit, 
proceeded barefoot on his journey. After his arrival in 
the Holy Land, he began to prepare himfelf for the cloif- 
ter by the practice of the greateft aufterities; and upon 
his return to Italy, he continued them for lorne time in 
the monaftery of Sambuca in Calabria, and then took the 
Ciftercian habit in that of Corazzo. Of this inftitution 
he was afterwards made prior, and at length abbot. Hav¬ 
ing in the year 1183 obtained the pope’s permiffion to 
quit his abbey, he retired into folitude, where he com- 
pofed fome of his works, and projected the conftitutions 
of his new congregation. In the year 11S9, he took up 
his relidence at Flora, with two or three companions, 
v.'here he efiablilhed his congregation; and was in a fliort 
time joined by fuch numbers of religious, that in the year 
1196 feveral monafteries received his conftitutions, which 
were approved by pope Celeftine III. He is faid to have 
governed thefe monafteries with great wifdom and regu¬ 
larity; and he certainly acquired a high reputation for 
fancfity of manners. He was neverthelels a man of mean 
abilities, and of a weak judgment, full of enthufiaftic and 
vifionary notions, and imagining that he was infpired 
with 3 knowledge of future events ; on which account he 
was reveled,, during his life and after his death, by the 
blind and ignorant multitude, as a prophet fent from 
above, and equal to the moft illuftrious of thofe who ap¬ 
peared in ancient times. Joachim died at an advanced 
age, early in the thirteenth century, fie was the author 
of feveral works, but not of all the pieces attributed to 
him, of which a colleflion was publilhed at Venice in 
1516, in folio. 
About the commencement of the thirteenth century, 
there were handed about in Italy feveral pretended pro¬ 
phecies of Joachim, the greater part of which were con¬ 
tained in a book entitled the Everlafting Gol'pel, and 
which was alfo commonly called the Book of joachim. 
As the appearance of this work gave rife to a publication 
t>ith which it has been often confounded, and which pro¬ 
duced a confiderable fermentation in the ecclefiaftical 
world, an extract from Dr. Molheim on the fubjeft may 
not prove unacceptable to our readers. Speaking of the 
Everlafting' Gofpel', he fays, “It is not to be doubted, - 
that Joachim was the author of various predictions; and 
that he, in a particular manner, foretold the reformation 
of the church, of which he might eafily fee the ab.foh.ite 
necefiity. It is however certain, that the greateft part of 
the predictions and writings, which, were formerly attri¬ 
buted to him, were compolecl by others ; and this we may 
affirm even of the Everlafting Gofpel, the work, undoubt¬ 
edly of fome obfeure, filly, and vifionary, author, 'who 
thought proper to adorn his reveries with the celebrated 
name of Joachim, in order to gain them credit, and to 
render them more agreeable to the multitude. The title 
of this fenfelefs production is taken from Revelations 
xiv. 6. Among other future events, the author foretold 
the deftruftion of the church of Rome, whofe corruptions 
he cenfured with the greateft feverity, and the promulga¬ 
tion of a new and more perfeEi Gofpel - in the age of ihc Holy 
Ghof, by a fet of poor and auftere minifters, whom God 
was to raife up and employ for that purpofe. For he di¬ 
vided the world into three ages, relative to the three dif- 
penfations of religion that were to fucceed each other in 
it. The two imperfcB ages, namely, the age of the Old 
Teftament, which was that of the Father, and the age of 
the New, which was under the adminiftration of the Son, 
were, according to the predictions of this fanatic, now 
paft; and the third a-ge, even that of the Holy Ghof, was at 
hand. The fpiritual, that is the auftere, Francifcans, who' 
were, for the moft part, weil-meaning but wropg-headed 
enthufiafts, not only fwallowed down, with the moft vora¬ 
cious and implicit credulity, the prophecies and doftrines 
that were attributed fo Joachim, but applied thefe predic¬ 
tions to themfelv.es, and to the rule of difeipline efiablilhed 
by their holy founder St. Francis; for they maintained, that 
he deliverered to mankind the true Gofpel, that ha was the 
angel whom St. John faw flying in the midft of heaven.” 
Thefe reveries were defpifed, or treated with neglefl, till, 
in the year 1250, one of the fpiritual friars, whofe name was 
Gerhard, undertook to publifti an explication of the Ever¬ 
lafting Gofpel, under the title of Introduction to the Ever¬ 
lafting Gofpel, which excited the greateft alarm, and the 
utmoft indignation againft the mendicant friars in the other' 
clergy, who reprefented it to be an impious method of de¬ 
luding the multitude into a high notion of their lanflity, 
in order thus to eftablilh their dominion, and to extend 
their authority beyond all bounds. In this book, the fa¬ 
natical monk, among other enormities, as infipid as im¬ 
pious, inculcated the following deteftable doCirine : “ That 
St. Francis, who was the angel mentioned in the Revela¬ 
tions xiv. 6. had promulgated to the world the true and 
everlafting Gol'pel of God; that the Gofpel of Chrift was 
to be abrogated in the year 1260, and to give place to this 
new and everlafting Gofpel, which was to be fubftituted 
in its room ; and that the minifters of this great reforma¬ 
tion were to be humble and bare-footed friars, deftitute 
of all worldly emoluments.” When this ftrange book was 
publilhed at Paris in the year 1254., it excited in the doc¬ 
tors of the church, and indeed in all good men, the moft: 
lively feelings of horror and indignation againft the men¬ 
dicant friars, who had already incurred the difpleafure of 
the public on other accounts. This univerfal ferment 
engaged the Roman pontiff, Alexander IV. though much 
againft his will, to order the fuppreffion of this abfurd 
book in the year 1255; he, however, took care to have 
this order executed with the greateft poflible mildnefs, 
left it Ihould hurt the reputation of the mendicants, and 
open the eyes of the fuperftitious multitude. But the 
univerfity of Paris was not fatisfied with thele gentle arid 
timorous proceedings ; and, confequently, its doCtors re¬ 
peated without interruption their accuiations and com¬ 
plaints, until the extravagant produftion, that had given 
l'uch juft and general offence, was publicly committed to 
the flames.” 
JOlA’CHIM (George), furnamed alfo, from the country 
of his birth, Rheticus, a celebrated German aftionomer 
1 and 
