J o A 
and mathematician in the fix teen th century, was a native 
of Feldkirk, in the Tyrol, and born in the year 1514. 
He received the firft part of his education at Zurich, where 
he foon difcovered a predominant bias towards mathema¬ 
tical purfuits, in the elements of which he was initiated 
at that place. Afterwards he was fent to the univerfify 
of Wittemberg, where he profecuted his favourite ftudies 
with great diligence and fuccefs. In the year 151$, he 
was admitted to the degree of M.A. at that feminary; 
and two years afterwards he was appointed joint profef- 
for of the mathematics with Reinhold. The duties of 
this office he difcharged with univerfal applaufe, until the 
fame which Copernicus had acquired by his fyfiens of the 
world, and his own zeal for aftronomical purfuits, deter¬ 
mined him to refign the flattering profpe&s which his fitu- 
ation opened to him, in order to become the difciple of 
that great man. Accordingly, in the year ! 539, he went 
into Pruffia, where he placed himfeif under the inftruc- 
tions of Copernicus, who was well pleafed with his pupil, 
and affifted by him for fome years in his aftronomical la¬ 
bours. While he continued with this mailer, he joined 
with his other friends in conftar.tly urging him to com¬ 
plete and publifh his great work, Re kevoltuionibus 5 and, 
when at length Copernicus was prevailed upon to con- 
fer.t to its appearance, Joachim undertook to get it print¬ 
ed at Nuremberg, under the fuperintendenc.e of his friend 
Ofiander. While he continued in Truffia, likewife, in or¬ 
der to render aftronomical calculations more accurate, he 
began his very elaborate canon of fines, tangents, and fe- 
cants, to fifteen places of figures, and to every ten fecond? 
of the quadrant. He did r.ot live entirely to complete 
this defign : the canon of fines, however, to that radius, 
for every ten feconds, and for every fingle fecond in the 
firft and laft degree of the quadrant, computed by him, 
was publifhed at Frankfort, 16x3, folio, by Pitifcus, who 
himfelf added a few of the firft fines computed to twenty- 
two places of figures. But the larger work, or canon of 
fines, tangents, and fecants, to every ten feconds, was per¬ 
fected and publifhed after his death, in 1506, by his dif¬ 
ciple Valentine Otho, mathematician to the eleCtor prince 
palatine; of which work a particular account and ana- 
lyfis may be feen in the hiftorical introduction to Dr. 
Hutton’s Logarithms. Joachim returned out of Pruffia, 
after the death of Copernicus, in 1543, and was again ad¬ 
mitted to his profefforfhip of mathematics at Wittemberg. 
In the fame year, on the recommendation of Melamfthon, 
he went to Nuremberg, where he found fome manuferipts 
of Werner and Regiomontanus. Afterwards he filled 
the mathematical chair at Leipfic j whence, for reafons 
which are not known, he removed into Poland. In the 
year 1576, an Hungarian baron of his acquaintance in¬ 
vited him to Caffovia, where, upon his arrival, he was 
carelefsly fuffered to fleep in a room which had been re¬ 
cently plaftered. The confequence was a rnoft violent 
cold, which terminated in a rapid decline, to which he 
fell a facrifice in the fixty-fecond year of his age. He was 
the author of Narratio (it Libris Rcvolutionum Copernici, firft 
publifhed at Dantzic, 1540, 4to. and afterwards added to 
the editions of Copernicus’s works; and he alfo com. 
pofed and publifhed, Ephemerides , according to the doc¬ 
trine of Copernicus, till the year 1551* He likewife pro¬ 
jected other works, aftronomical, aftrological, geographi¬ 
cal, chemical, &c. and partly executed them, though they 
were never publifhed. 
JO'ACHIMSTHAL, a town of Bohemia, in Elnbogen, 
celebrated for its filver-mines, the beft in the kingdom, 
difcovered in the year 1516. From the year 1586 to the 
year 1601, thefe mines yielded 305,790 marks of filver: 
eleven miles north of Elnbogen, and fifty-two fouth- 
fouth-eaft of Dreiden. Lat. 50. 20. N. Ion. 12. 53. E. 
JO'ACHIMSTHAL, a town of Brandenburg, in the 
Ucker Mark : feventeen miles fouth of Prenzlow, and 
thirty-one north-north-eaft of Berlin. Lat. 53.5. N. Ion. 
J3.55E. 
JO'ACIM,-a man’s name. Apocrypha, 
Vou.XL No. 745. 
j o a ic n 
JO'AG, a town of Africa, in the kingdom of Kajaaga j 
fuppoled by Mr. Parke to contain about two thoufand in¬ 
habitants. It is furrounded by a high wall, in which are 
a number of port-holes, for mufquetry to fire from in cafe 
of an attack, every man’s polleflion is likewife furrounded 
by a wall. To the weftward of the town is a fmall river, 
on the banks of which are cultivated confiderable quan¬ 
tities of tobacco and onions. Lat. 14. 27. N. Ion. 10. W. 
JO'AH, [Heb„ fraternity.] A man’s name, 
JO'AHAZ, [Hebrew.] A man’s name. 
JO'AKIM, [Hebrew.] A man’s name. 
JO'AKIM, hufband of St. Anna, and father to the 
blefled virgin ; grandfather to Jefus Clirift after the flefh, 
is fa'd to be the Eli mentioned Luke iii. 23. Eli, Eli- 
akim, and Joakim, are the fame name. The name of Jo- 
akim, father of the bleffed virgin, is not in the canonical 
writings of the New TeflamenC; but has been adopted 
by the Greek and Latin churches. In the Latin princi¬ 
pally fince the feftival of St. Anna and St. Joakim has 
been celebrated; but, among the Greeks long before. 
The worfhip of St. Anna and St. Joakim is very ancient 
in the eaftj but it is more modern in the weft. It isfaid 
that pope Julius appointed the feaft of St. Joakim to 
March 20, about A.D. 1510. In a martyrology printed 
in 1491, it is placed Dec. 9. Pius V. ftruck it out of the 
Roman Sreviary; but, Gregory XV. replaced it there at 
March 20, in 1610. 
JO'AL, or Jua'la, a town of Africa, in the kingdom 
of Sin, on the fea-coaft, with a road and good anchorage, 
where the French have a factory for Haves, Ikins, ivory, 
and wax. 
JOAL'LY. See Sanjalli. 
JGAN, the name of a woman. 
JOAN, Pope. The ftory of this perfonage is reje&ed 
as fabulous, in the prefent day, by the greater number of 
learned men, proteftants as well as catholics. However, 
fince it was univerfally believed for fome centuries, and 
has given rife, fince the sera of the reformation, to much 
ingenious, learned, and warm, difeuffion, and fince it may 
one day or other regain its credit, we ffiall lay a fummary 
of it before our readers. More than feventy orthodox 
writers, fays Moreri, among whom are feveral monks, and 
even canonized faints, have given to the ftory of pope 
Joan a place in the hiftory of thofe who have held the 
pontifical dignity. According to moft of thofe writers, 
Joan was of Engliffi extraction, and born at Mentz. As 
fire lhowed from her infancy a ftrong inclination to learn¬ 
ing, her father, who was a man of confiderable erudition, 
encouraged her in purfuing the bent of her mind, and un¬ 
der his inftruCtions ihe made an aftoniffiing progrefs in 
the different branches of literature. While ihe was very 
young, a monk of the monaftery of Fulda conceived a 
violent paffion for her, and fucceeded in infpiring her 
with fimilar fentiments. For the purpofe of enjoying an 
unreftrained intercourfe with each other, it was agreed 
between them, that ihe ffiould privately withdraw from 
her father’s houfe, affume the male attire, and in that dif- 
guife apply to the abbot for admiffion into the monaftery 
of Fulda. This ftratagem ihe put in practice, and was re¬ 
ceived by the abbot 5 in confequence of which, the two 
lovers had the opportunity of indulging their mutual paffi 
fion, undifturbed and unfufpeCted. Not long afterwards, 
for reafons which are not mentioned, they eloped toge¬ 
ther from the monaftery, and came over to England, of 
which country the monk was a native. Here they pur- 
fued their ftudies together, with uncommon application. 
From England they went to France, from France to 
Italy, and from Italy to Greece; availing themfelves of 
the inftruCtions of the ableft mailers and profeilors in the 
different countries through which they paffed. In Greece 
they took up their abode at Athens, for the fake of per¬ 
fecting themfelves in the knowledge of the Greek tongue. 
They had not been long in that place before the monk 
died ; when Joan refolved, under the fame difguife, to re¬ 
pair to Rome. In that metropolis, her extraordinary en- 
3 E dowments 
