224 
J o 
daughter in marriage; but John preferred the Angle flats, 
and chofe to turn foldier. Having borne arms for feveral 
years, during which he led a diffipated life, he at length 
became difgufted with his profeffion, which he quitted, 
and entered into the fervice of a Portuguefe gentleman. 
Afterwards he returned to Spain, where he was fo affefted 
by a charity-fermon which he heard at Grenada, that he 
determined from that time to renounce the world, and to 
confecrate the reft of his life to the fervice of God, and 
the relief of the lick. In purfuance of his determination 
he retired to the hofpital of Grenada, and there drew up 
the plan of a charitable inftitution, which received the 
approbation of pope Pius V. in the year 1572. Thus au¬ 
thorized, John engaged with zeal in collecting the dona¬ 
tions of the humane and charitable, and was fo fuccefsful, 
that he was enabled to ereft at Grenada a noble hofpital 
for the reception and relief of the fick, which became a 
model for many fimilar eftablifhments in different coun¬ 
tries throughout Europe. This worthy man fpent his 
days in attending and relieving the f ck, and his evenings 
in making collections for his inftitution. But his chari¬ 
table fpirit was not confined to this objeCt only. He vi- 
iited the modeft poor, and found employment for thofe 
who wanted it, that they might not through idlenefs be 
tempted to become vicious. He took particular care of 
young girls who had no means of fupport, and whofe po¬ 
verty expofed their virtue to danger. He even vifited 
the houfes inhabited by proftitutes, and by his exhorta¬ 
tions prevailed on numbers of them to abandon their vi¬ 
cious habits. The archbifhop of Grenada fupplied him 
with confiderable funis for the fupport of his benevolent 
undertakings, as did the bifliop of Tliui, prefident of the 
royal chamber of Grenada, who gave him the furname of 
de Dieu. He died in 15J0, at the age of fifty-five. He 
prefcribed no rules to his difciples, excepting his own ex¬ 
ample; but pope Pius V. fubjected them to the regula¬ 
tions of the hermits of 8t. Auguftine, with fome altera¬ 
tions, and the addition of a fourth vow, by which they 
devoted themfelves to the fervice of the fick poor. 
JOHN de CHELM, whofe furname is derived from the 
fee of Chelm in Poland, of which he was bifhop at the 
commencement of the fixteenth century. He is repre- 
fented to have heen a prelate of ftrift and fevere manners, 
who was juftly fcandalized at the abufes which had been 
fuffered to prevail in the church, as well as the corrupt 
morals of the etclefiaftics in his time, and bore bis tefti- 
mony againft them with a degree of zeal approaching too 
nearly to bitternefs. To him is afcribed a fcarce and cu¬ 
rious work, entitled, “ Onus Ecclefice ; feu Excerpta varia 
ex diverfis AuCtoribus, potifthnumque Scriptura, de Af- 
flictione, Statu perverfo, & neceftitate Reformationis Ec- 
clefias,” 1531, folio.—He is to be diftinguifbed from ano¬ 
ther John, bifliop of Chiemfee, in Bavaria, a fee after¬ 
wards united to the archbifiiopiic of Saltzburg, who about 
the fame time delivered his proteft againft clerical cor¬ 
ruptions, in a work entitled, “ Onus Ecclefiae, qua enar- 
rantur admiranda & obftupenda de feptem Ecclefiae Stati- 
bus, Abulibus, & futuris Calani'itatibus,” printed at Co¬ 
logne in 1531, folio. 
JOHN de YETEZ, more generally known by die name 
of John de Santa Crus a, a faint in'the Roman calen¬ 
dar, and the alfociate of St. Therefa in reforming the Car¬ 
melite order, was def'cended from a noble family at Onti¬ 
veros, in old Caftile, where he was born in the year 1542. 
He entered into the Carmelite order at the monaftery of 
Medina del Campo, in the year 1563, where lie led a much 
more auftere life than the reft of the fraternity, who had 
greatly relaxed the fevere difeipline enjoined by their 
founder. Difgufted at their degeneracy, lie defigned to 
enter the Cartliu'fian monaftery at Segovia, when St. The¬ 
refa came to Medina del Campo, and engaged him to join 
her in attempting a reform of-tlie Carmelite order. Their 
enterprife was not deftitute of fuccefs, notvvithftanding 
the opposition which they met with from the greateft part 
of the Carmelites. They inlfituted a new branch of the 
H N. 
order at Valladolid, known by the name of the tare footed 
Carmelites, bound by the moft fevere and felf-denying 
rules; and fucceeded in introducing them into many of 
the old eftablifhments, as well as into new houfes which 
they founded for both lexes. John now changed his family 
furname into that of de Santa Crufa. The zeal, however, 
with which he attempted to reduce the convent of Avila 
to the new difeipline, excited againft him the warmeft re- 
fentment of the monks belonging to that inftitution, who 
procured his imprifonment in a dungeon at Toledo; and, 
after he was fet at liberty through the interference of St. 
Therefa, united with the old members of the Carmelite 
community, in harafting him with repeated perfections. 
He died in 1591, when about forty-nine years of age. 
The reforms which he was the principal inftrument of 
introducing, had proved luch a iburce of animofity and 
difeord, that in the year 1580, pope Gregory III. found 
it neceftary.to feparate the bare-footed Carmelites from, 
the others, and to form them into a diftinfl body, who 
were afterwards allowed to have their own general. John 
de Santa Crufa was the author of fome devotional treatifes, 
entitled, 1. The Afcent to Mount Carmel. 2. The dark 
Night of the Soul. 3. The Canticle of divine Love, See. 
Thefe have been tranftated into the Latin, French, and 
Italian, languages ; and are full of the moft obfeure and 
incomprehenfible myfticilih. Mofieim. 
JOHN-APPLE,yi See Pyrus.— A john-applt is a good- 
relifhed fliarp apple the fpring following, when moft other 
fruit is fpent: they are fit for the cyder-plantations. Mor¬ 
timer. 
JOHN BULL. See Bull, John, vol. iii. 
JOHN’S (St.), one of the chief towns of Newfoundland 
ifland, fituated on the eaft coaft: fix miles north-weft of 
Cape Spear, and eighteen fouth-eaft of Cape St. Francis. 
Lat. 47. 32. N. Ion. 52. 21. W. It lies on the bay of the 
fame name. Its harbour is one of the beft in the iftand, 
and has from ten to feventeen fathoms water up to King’s 
wharf, which is a little to the north-weft of the Old 
Fort, at the bottom of the town, and is a mile from the 
mouth of the harbour. A mile further is the mouth of 
Caftor jfiver, in which diftance there is from fourteen to 
four fathoms of water. On the fouth fide of the river is 
King’s wharf, an hofpital, and a watering-place; near 
thefe are the hills called the High Lands of St. John’s. 
Lat. 47. 32. N Ion. 52. 29. W. 
JOHN'S (St.), a bay and iftand on the weft coaft of 
Newfoundland ifland, in the gulf of St. Lawrence, at the 
fouth-weft end of the Straits of Bellille. 
JOHN’S (St.), one of the Virgin Iflands, about twelve 
leagues eaft of Porto Rico. It is about five miles long 
and one broad, apd two leagues fouth of St. Thomas. It 
is the beft watered of all the Virgin Illes; and its har¬ 
bour, called Crawl Bay, is reckoned better than that of 
St. Thomas, and pafl'es for the beft to the leeward of An¬ 
tigua. There is, however, little good land in the iftand, 
and its exportations are trifling. 
JOHN’S (St.), an ifland in the gulf of St. Lawrence, 
near the northern coaft of Nova-Scotia, to which govern¬ 
ment it is annexed. It is 117 miles in length from 
north-eaft to fouth-weft. The medium breadth isitwenty 
miles; but, between Richmond Bay on the north and 
Halifax Bay on the fouth, it is not above three miles 
broad. The other bays on the north fide are London' 
Harbour, Grand Raftied, and St. Peter’s; thofe on the 
fouth fide, Egmont, Halifax, and Hillfborough. On the 
eaft fide, Three-River Harbour, and Murray Harbour. 
It has feveral fine rivers, a rich foil, and is plealantly 
fituated. Its capital is Charlotte-Town, the refidence of 
the lieutenant-governor, who is the chief officer on the 
ifland. The number of inhabitants is eftimated at about 
5000. Upon the reduftion of Cape Breton in 1745, the 
inhabitants quietly lubmitted.to the Britifh anus. YVhile 
the French poftefiid this ifland, they improved it to fe 
much advantage, as that it was called the granary of Ca¬ 
nada, which it furnilhed with great plenty of corn, as 
well 
