J o H 
well as beef and pork. When taken, it had 10,000 head 
of black cattle upon it, and feveral of the farmers raifed 
12,000 bufhels of corn annually. Its rivers abound with 
falmon, trout, and eels; and the furrounding fea affords 
plenty of fturgeon, plaice, and mod kinds of fliell-fifii. 
The ifland is divided into three counties, viz. King’s, 
Queen’s, and Prince’s, counties; which are fubdivided 
into fburteen parifhes, confiding of twenty-feven town¬ 
ships, which in all make 1,363,400 acres, the contents of 
the ifland. The chief town, belides the capital, are 
George-Town, Prince’s-Town ; befides which are Hillfbo- 
rough-Town, Pownal-Tovvn, Maryborough-Town, See. 
It.lies between lat. 45. 46. and 47. xo. N. and between 
Ion. 44. 22. and 46. 32. W. 
JOHN’S (.St,), the north-wefternmoft town in Suffex 
county, Delaware, is fituated at the head of the middle 
branch of Nanticoke river, about twenty-feven miles 
north-eaft of Vienna in Maryland, and twenty-two fouth 
by weft of Dover. 
JOHN’S (St.), a town and fort in Lower Canada, fitu¬ 
ated on the weft bank of Sorrel river, at the north end of 
Lake Champlain, a few miles fouth ward of Chamblee, 
twenty-eight miles fouth ward of Montreal. It has been 
eftablifhed as the foie port of entry and clearance for all 
goods imported from the interior of the United States 
into Canada, by an ordinance publifhed by the executive 
council Of Lower Canada, the 7th of Juty, 1796. It is 
1x5 miles northward of Ticonderoga; and was taken by 
general Montgomery in November 1775- Lat. 45. 9. N. 
Ion. 72. 1 3 . W. 
JOHN (St.), a lake in Lower Canada, which receives 
rivers from every direction, and fends its waters through 
Saguenai River into the St. Lawrence at Tadoulac. It is 
about twenty-five miles each way. 
JOHN’S (St.), a fmall ifland in the Weft Indies be¬ 
longing to . Denmark, north of St. Croix, and fouth of 
Tortola, to 'which laft it is very near. It is noted only 
for its fine harbour, which is faid to be fufficient to contain 
in fafety the whole Britifh navy. It has a number of fait- 
ponds, which, however, are no evidence of its fertility. 
JOHN’S (St.), the capital of the ifland of Antigua in 
the Weft Indies. It is a regularly-built town, with a 
harbour of the fame name, fituated on the weft fhore, and 
on the north-eaft fide of Loblollo Bay. The entrance of 
the harbour is defended by Fort James. This town is 
the refidence of the governor-general of the Leeward 
Charibee Iflands, and where the aflembly is held, and the 
port where the greateft trade is carried on. Lat. 17.4. N. 
Ion. 62. 4. W. 
JOHN’S BAY, a bay on the coaft of Main. Lat. 53. 
jb. N. Ion. 69. 30. W. 
JOHN f)E -FRONTIE'RA, the chief town of the pro¬ 
vince of Cuyo in Peru. 
JOHN’S HA'VEN, a feaport town of Scotland, in the 
county of Kincardine, on the coaft of the German Sea: 
four miles fouth of Bervie. Lat. 56.46. N. Ion. 2,19. W. 
JOHN’S ISLAND, near the coaft of South Carolina, a 
little to the fouth of Charleftown : thirty miles in circum¬ 
ference. Lat. 32.42. N. Ion. 80.10. W. 
JOHN’S RIVER, the largeft river in the Britifh pro¬ 
vince of New-Bmnfwick. From its mouth, on the north 
fide of the Baj> of Fundy, to its main fource, is computed 
to be 350 miles. The tide flows eighty or ninety miles 
sup this river. It is navigable for floops of fifty tons 60 
miles, and for boats zoo. Its general courfeYrom its 
fource is eaft-fouth-eaft. It furnifhes the greateft plenty 
of falmon, bafs, and fturgeon ; and is the common route 
to Quebec. About a mile above the city of St. John’s is 
the only entrance into this river. It is about 80 or 100 
yards wide, and about 400 yards in length; called the 
falls of the river. It being narrow, and a ridge of rocks 
running acrofs the bottom of the channel, on which are 
not above feventeen feet of water, it is not fufficiently 
Ipacious to difeharge the frefn waters of the river above. 
The common tide? flowing here about twent-y. feet, the 
Vo l. XL No. 748. 
] O H 
wafers of the river, at low water, are about twelve feet 
higher than the waters of the fea; at high water, the 
waters of the fea are about five feet higher than thofe of 
the river; fo that in every tide there are two falls, one 
outwards and one inwards. The only time of* pafimg 
with fafety is at the time when the waters of the river 
are level with the waters of the fea, which is twice in a 
tide, and continues not more than twenty minutes each 
time. At other times it is either impaflable or extremely 
dangerous; refembling the paflage of Hell Gate near New 
York. The banks of this river, enriched by the annual 
frefhets, are excellent land. About thirty miles from its 
mouth commences a fine level country of rich intervale 
and meadow-lands, well clothed with timber and wood, 
fuch as pine, beech, elm, maple, and walnut. It has 
many tributary ftreams, which fall into it on each fide, 
among which are the Oromofto river, by which the In¬ 
dians have a communication with Paflarnaquoddy ; the 
Nafhwach and Madamkifwick, on which are rich inter¬ 
vales that produce all kinds of grain in the higheft per¬ 
fection. This noble river, in its numerous and extenfive 
branches, waters and enriches a large traCt of excellent 
country, a great part of which is fettled and under im¬ 
provement. The up-lands, in general, are covered with 
a fine growth of timber, fuch as pine and fpruce, hem¬ 
lock and hard wood, principally beech, birch, maple, and 
fome afh. The pines on this rivep are the largeft to be 
met with in Britifh America, and afford a confiderable 
fupply of mafts, fome from twenty to thirty inches in 
diameter, for the Britifh navy. 
JOHN’S RIVER, in Eaft Florida, rifes in or near a 
large fwamp in the heart of Eaft Florida, and purfues a 
northern courfe, in a broad navigable ftream, which in 
feveral places fpreads into broad bays or lakes; of which 
Lake George is the chief. Veffels that draw nine or ten 
feet water, may navigate fafely through the weft channel 
into St. John’s River as far as Lake George. The bar at 
the mouth is liable to fliift. It is ten leagues and a half 
north of St. Auguftine. 
JOHN’S RIVER (Little), in Weft Florida, falls into 
Apalache Bay, about ten miles, eaft ward of Apalache 
River. It is faid to be the cleared: and pureft of any in 
America ; is about two hundred yards broad, and about 
fifteen or twenty feet deep at the town of Talahafochte, 
The fwamp called Ouaquaphenogaw is laid to be its 
fource, which is one hundred miles by land from Tala¬ 
hafochte, and, following its windings, from the fea two 
hundred miles. The Indians and traders fay it has no 
branches, or tributaries, which fall into it; but that it is 
fed by great fprings which break out through the banks. 
JOHN’S RIVER, a river of New Hampfliire, which 
runs into the Connecticut in lat. 44. 26, N. Ion. 71.40.W. 
JOHN’S TOWN, a town of New York, thirty-five 
miles north-weft of Albany. 
JOHNNY GROATs HOUSE, the moft northerly- 
dwelling of Scotland, in the county of Caithnefs: one 
mile weft of Duncanfby Head. 
JOHM'SON (Ben). See Jonson. -• 
JOHN'SON (Thomas), a meritorious Englifh botanift, 
was a native of Selby in Yorklhire. He was bred an apo¬ 
thecary in London, and kept a fhop on S^iow-hiil. The 
knowledge of plants was at that time frequently joined to 
that of the preparation of drugs, and Johnfon engaged in 
botanical purfuits with an ardour which. acquired him 
the character of one of the moft Ikilful herbalifts of his 
time. He firft became known as a writer by a fmall 
piece entitled Iter in Agrum Cantianum, 1629, and Ericdum 
Hamjiedianum, 1632, which contained the firft local cata¬ 
logues of plants publifhed in England. In 1633 he gave 
his great arid valuable edition of Gerard’s Herbal, under 
the title of “ The Herbal, or general Hiftory of Plants, 
gathered by John Gerard of London, very much enlarged 
and amended by Thomas Johnfon, Citizen and Apothe¬ 
cary of London,” folio ; re-printed in 1636. In this pub¬ 
lication he enriched the original work with-more than 
3 M eight 
1 
