J O I 
Whenever, therefore, by ahy act or event, different 
inter ejls are created in the feveral parts of the eft ate, or 
they are held by different titles , or if merely the pojjejjion 
is feparated, fo that the tenants have no longer thei'e four 
indil'penlable properties, a famenefs of intereft and undi¬ 
vided poffefiion, a title veiling at one and the tame time, 
and by one and the fame act or grant; the joint-tenancy 
is inltantly diffolved. 2 Comm. 186. c. 12. 
If two joint-tenants be of a term, and one commits fe- 
Jony, or is outlawed, See. the jointure will be fevered ; 
for the king (hall have tfie moiety by the forfeiture: and, 
if the joint-tenancy is o i perfonal things, all will be for¬ 
feited. Plowd.q. 10. 
Where there are feveral joint-tenants in fee-tail, and 
fome of them fuffer a common recovery of the whole, the 
eftate of the others is turned to a right; and contingent 
remainders may be dellroyed, and a new eftate gained 
thereby. Sid. 241. And, ir^one.joint-tenant levies a fine, 
it fevers the joint-tenancy; but it doth not amount to an 
actual turning out of his companion. 1 Salk. 286. A 
joint-tenant in fee makes a leafe for years, of the land, to 
begin prefently, or 'in future, and dies : it is a leverance of 
the joint-tenancy, and cannot be avoided by the fur- 
vivor; becaufe immediately, by force of the leafe, the 
leffee hath a right in the fame land, of ail that to the leffor 
belongs. Lit. 286. 
In general, it is advantageous for the joint-tenants to 
diffolve the jointure, fince thereby the right of furvivor- 
fhip is taken away, and each may tranfmit his own part 
to his own heirs. Sometimes, however, it is difadvan- 
tageous to diffolve the joint eftate; as, if there be joint- 
tenants for life, and they make partition, this diftolves 
the jointure; and, though before they each of them had 
an eftate in the whole for their own lives and the life of 
their companion, now they have an eftate in the moiety 
only for their own lives merely; and, on the death of 
cither, the reverfioner (hall enter on his moiety. 1 Jon. 55. 
And therefore, if there be two joint-tenants for life, and 
one grants away his part for the life of his companion, 
it is a forfeiture; for, in the firft place, by the feverance 
of the jointure, he has given himfelf in his own moiety 
only an eftate for his own life; and then he grants the 
fame land for the life of another; which grant, by a te¬ 
nant for his own life merely, is a forfeiture of his eftate; 
for it is creating an eftate which may, by poilibility, lait 
longer than that which he is legally entitled to. a. Leon. 
237. x Injl. 252. 2 Comm.. 187. c. 12. 
In ancient times joint-tenancy was favoured by the 
courts of law, becaufe it was more convenient to the 
lord, and more conliftent with feudal principles: but 
thofe realons have long ceafed ; and a joint-tenancy is 
now every where regarded, as lord Cowper fays it is in 
equity, as an odious thing. 1 Salk. 158. See further un¬ 
der Tenants in Common. 
Of Things perfonal. —Goods and chattels may belong to 
their owners in joint-tenancy, and in common, as well as 
real eftates'. They cannot indeed be vefted in coparcenery, 
becaufe they do not defeend from the anceftor to the heir, 
which is neceflary to conftitute coparceners; but if a 
horfe, or other perfonal chattel, be given to two or more 
abfolutely, they are joint-tenants thereof; and, unlefsthe 
jointure be fevered, the lame doCtrine of furvivorfhip 
fhall take place as in eftates of lands and tenements. Lit. 
§ 282. 1 Vern. 482. And in like manner if the jointure 
be fevered, as by either of them felling his lhare, the 
vendee and the remaining part-owner fhall be tenants in 
common, without any jus accrefcendi, or furvivorfhip. Lit. 
§ 321. So alfo, if 100I. be given by will to two or more, 
equally to be divided between them, this makes them tenants 
in common, as the fame words would have done in regard 
to real eftates. 1 Eq. Ab. 292. Refiduary legatees and 
executors are alfo joint-tenants, unlels the teltator ufes 
fome exprellion which converts their intereft into a te¬ 
nancy in common: and, if one dies before a divifion or 
feverance of the furplus, the whole that is undivided will 
J o r iso 
pafs to the furvivor or furVivors. 2 P. IVms. 34.7, 529. 
But, for the encouragement of hufbandry, it is held, that 
a ftock on -a farm, though occupied jointly, lhall always 
be conlidered as common, and not as joint, property, and 
there fhall be no furvivorlhip therein. 1 Vern. 217. So 
alfo, for the encouragement of trade, there is no furvivor¬ 
fhip of a capital or ftock in trade among merchants and 
traders: for this would be ruinous to the family of the 
deceafed partner; and it is a legal maxim, Jus accrefcendi 
inter mercatores , pro beneficio commercii , locum non habet. 
1 Injl. 182. 
JOINT'ED, adj. [from joint .■] Full of joints, knots, 
or commiffures: 
Three cubits high 
The jointed herbage fhoots. 
JOINT'ED GLASS'-WORT. See Salicornia. 
JOINT'F.R, f. [from joint.] A fort of plane.—The 
jointer is fomewhat longer than the fore-plane, and hath 
its foie perfectly (trait: its office is to follow the fore 
plane, and (hoot an edge perfectly ftrait, when a joint is 
to be (hot. Mcxon. 
JOINT'ING,/! The aCt of joining; of making joints' 
or joinings to any thing; the act of breaking or lepa- 
rating at a joint. 
JOINT'LY, adv. Together; not feparately.—I began 
a combat firit with him particularly, and after his death 
with the others jointly. Sidney. —In a Hate of union or co¬ 
operation : 
His name a great example ftands, to fhow 
How (trangely high endeavours may be blelt, 
Where piety and valour jointly go. Dryden. 
JOINTRESS, or Jointuress,/ SeeJoiNTURE. One 
w'h.o holds any thing in jointure : 
Tir 1 imperial jointrefs of this warlike ftate 
We’ve taken now to wife. Skakefpeare. 
JOINTSTOO'L, f. A (tool made not merely by in- 
fertion of the feet, but by inierting one part in another. 
—He rides the wild mare with the boys, and jumps upon 
jointjlools, and wears his boot very fmooth, like unto the 
fign of the leg. Skakefpeare. 
JOIN'TURE, f. [French.] Eftate fettled on a wife to 
be enjoyed after her hulband’s deceafe.—The old countefs 
of Defmond, who lived in 1589, and many years fince, 
was married in Edward the Fourth’s time, and held her 
jointure from all the earls of Defmond fince then. Raleigh. 
There’s a civil queftion us’d of late, 
Where lies my jointure, where your own eftate? Dryden. 
A jointure is “ a fettlement of lands and tenements 
made to a woman in confideration of marriage;” or it is 
“a covenant, whereby the hufband, or fome friend of his, 
aflureth to the wife lands or tenements for term of her 
life.” It is-fo called, either becaufe it is granted ratione 
jundura in matrimonio, or for that land in frank-marriage 
was given jointly to hutband and wife, and afterwards to 
the heirs of their bodies, whereby the liulband and wife 
were made as it were joint-tenants during the coverture. 
3 Rep. 27. By fome, a jointure is defined to be “a bar¬ 
gain and contraCl of livelihood, adjoined to the contract 
of marriage; being a competent provifion of freehold 
lands or tenements, &c. for the wife, to take efteCl after 
the death of the hufband, if (he herfelf is not the caufe 
of the determination or forfeiture of it. 1 Injl. 36. 4 Rep. 
2, 3. See the article Dower. 
It hath been often ruled in chancery, that, if lands, 
money, goods, See- are devifed to a woman, without faying 
in lieu or Jatisfablion of dower , Be. the wife (hall have both ; 
becaufe a devife is to be confidered as a bounty, and im¬ 
plies a confideration in itfelf; but, if it be laid in lieu or 
recompence of dower, there the wife cannot have both, but 
imay waive which (he pleafes. 
A devife by will cannot be averred to be in fatisfaCHon 
of dower, unlefs it be fo expreffed in the will. 1 Inf. 36 ,b. 
2, 3 Rep. 
