fi4« JON 
which have been related concerning Jonah. See 2 Kings, 
xiv. 25. and the Book of Jonah, with Newcomers Verfion 
and Notes. 
JO'NAN, [Hebrew.] The name of a man. 
JO'NAS, [Hebrew.] A man’s name. 
JO'NAS, a learned Gallican prelate in the ninth cen¬ 
tury, and ftrenuous defender of the tenets of the catholic 
church in oppolition to reputed heretics, was appointed 
to the fee of Orleans in the year 821. In the year 826 he 
was deputed, by a fynod held at Paris, to carry to pope 
Eugenius IV. the opinions which they had colledted from 
the fathers on the fubjedt of images. In the year 829 he 
was prefent at the council of Paris, and at that of Sens in 
833, and is reprefented to have been one of the molt il- 
luftrious ornaments of thofe ademblies. He died in the 
year 841. He wrote Adverfus Claudii Taurinenfis Apologe- 
ticum, Lib. III. in which he endeavoured to refute the 
realonings of that zealous iconoclaft, and to defend the 
invocation, intercedion, and worfiiip, of faints, and the 
veneration of their relics, &c. but, though an advocate 
for retaining images in churches, he inveighed againll the 
adoration of them, as a fuperditious and dangerous error. 
This work was lirlt publilhed at Cologne, in 1554, and is 
inferted in the fourth volume of the Bibl. Pair. He was 
alfo the author of De Injlitutione Laicorum , Lib. III. extant 
an the fil'd: volume of father d’Achery’s Specilegium; and 
De Injlitutione Regia liber, which may be feen in the fifth 
volume of the fame work. The treatife De Inltitutione 
Laicorum, is defigned to exhibit a fydem of Chridian mo¬ 
rality, and has been trandated into French. Catholic 
writers lpeak of it in high terms ; but Protedant critics, 
and among others Mofheim, .maintain, that the reprefen- 
tations which it gives of virtue and vice are very different 
from thofe which we find in the Gofpel. A Hiftory of 
the Tranllation of St. Hucbert, Bilhop of Tongres, writ¬ 
ten by this prelate, is preferved in the fourth volume of 
Mabillon’s A£fa Benedift. Cave's Hijl. Lit. 
JO'NAS (Judus), a learned German Lutheran divine, 
and one of the earlied promoters of the Reformation, was 
born at Northaufen in Thuringia, in the year 1493. He 
was educated at his native place, where his fird academic 
dudies were devoted to jurifprudence; but he afterwards 
chofe divinity for his profefiion. He had fcarcely entered 
into orders when Luther began his reformation, and he 
entered thoroughly and ardently into the views of that 
great man. In the year 1521, he was chofen pador of 
the college of All Saints at Wittemberg, and was admit¬ 
ted to the degree of D.D. When the queftion relative 
to the abolition of private maffes was difeuifed at Wit¬ 
temberg, and the eleflor of Saxony was defirous of hav¬ 
ing the advice of the univerfity upon the fubjett, he was 
one of the deputies who were lent to that prince, and fuc- 
ceeded in obtaining the fupprefiion of that practice In 
almoft all the meetings of the reformers he took an active 
part, and by his learning and abilities, as well as pru¬ 
dence, materially contributed to the fuccefs of their caufe. 
In the year 1529, he accompanied Luther and Melanc- 
thon to the celebrated conference at Marpurg ; and, in 
the following year, he was the coadjutor of the latter at 
the diet of Augfburg. At Wittemberg, he not only of¬ 
ficiated as pador, but alfo as profefior of theology in the 
univerfity, and in the year 1533 was defied to the ho¬ 
nourable pod of dean of that feminary. In the year 1539, 
he adilled Luther in reforming the churches in Militia 
and Thuringia ; and foon afterwards removed to Halle, 
where he was conftituted fuperintendant of the churches 
in that didrict. Here he received Luther, in the year 
1546, when on his lalt journey towards Illeben, his native 
place, whither he was accompanied by Jonas, who attend¬ 
ed his dying bed, and preached his funeral fermon. Jo¬ 
nas was afterwards appointed paftor of the church of 
Eichfeldt, and fuperintendant of the churches in the dif- 
trifl of Coburg. He died at Eichfeldt in 1555, when 
about fixty-three years of age. He was the author of, 1. 
Notes 011 the Afts of the Apoltles. 2. A Treatife in 
JON 
Defence of the Marriage of Prieds. 3. A Difcourfe 011 
Theological Studies. 4. Tranfiations of diderent works 
oi Luther from the Latin into the German language. 
Melchior. Adam. Vit Germ Theol. 
JO'NAS’s SOUND, the mod northern inlet on the wed- 
ern coad of Sir Thomas Smith’s Bay, lying near the arctic 
circle, in lat. 76. 
JON'ATHAN,/ [Heb. the gift of the Lord.] A man’s 
name. 
JON'ATHAN, a Levite, fon of Gerlhom, and perhaps 
the grandfon of Mofes, dwelt fome time at Laid), in the 
houfe of Micah, (Judges xvii. 10.) minidering as a Le¬ 
vite, with an ephod, and fuperftitious images, which Mi¬ 
cah had made, and placed in a chapel of his own houfe. 
Some years after, fix hundred men of the tribe of Dan, 
feeking a new place of fcttlement in the territories of the 
Sidonians, palling that way, they engaged Jonathan to ac¬ 
company them. He fettled at Dan, where that tribe 
placed the images taken out of Micah’s houfe, and ap¬ 
pointed Jonathan their pried, and his fon to fucceed him. 
Their idols remained at Dan while the ark of the Lord 
was at Shiloh, and till the captivity of Dan, i. e. the lad 
year ot Eli the high prielt, wherein the ark was taken by 
the Philidines, A. M. 2888, ante A.D. 1116. The cap¬ 
tivity of Dan may denote either the opprelTion of this 
tribe by-the Philidines after the ark was taken, or the 
more remarkable captivity of the ten tribes which were 
carried away beyond the Euphrates by the Adyrian kings. 
JON'ATHAN, fon of Saul, a prince of an excellent 
chara&er, and in every change of fortune a mod faithful 
friend to David. Jonathan gave proofs of courage and. 
conduct during the war between Saul and the Philidines. 
One day, when the Philidines were encamped atMichmalh 
with a powerful army, and Saul’s army, not above fix hun¬ 
dred men, lay at Gibeah of Benjamin, Jonathan propoled 
to his armour-bearer to go into the camp of the Philidines. 
There was a narrow pals between two rocks, which led to 
the camp of the Philidines. As loon therefore as the Philis¬ 
tines on guard perceived them, they invited them to come 
up. This Jonathan took as a divine fignal 5 and there¬ 
fore he and his companion climbed over as well as they 
could, and foon began to kill all they came near. The 
whole camp of the Philidines was prefently in diforder; and, 
the noife and tumult increafing, the Hebrews made hade; 
and, as they advanced, they obferved that the Philidines 
were killing one another. Saul therefore purfued the 
runaways, and laid before his whole army, Curfedbe the man 
that eateth any food until the evening ; that I may be avenged 
on mine enemas. Jonathan, who was abfent, had pafled 
through a wood were there was much honey, and had 
dipped the end of his daff in it, and ate of it; for which 
afterwards Saul would have llain him ; but the people op- 
pofed the king’s foolifli refolution, and delivered Jonathan. 
See 1 Sam. xiv. Some years after, David having over¬ 
come Goliah, Jonathan conceived fo perfect a friendlhip 
for him, that he loved him as himfelf; and dripped him- 
felf of the robe he had on, and gave it to David; he made 
him likewife a prefent of his fword, his bow, and his belt- 
And, when David incurred Saul’s difpleafure, Jonathan, 
continued always zealous in his friend’s intereds. He 
gave him intelligence of his father’s refolution to kill him, 
advifed him to retire, and fo wrought upon Saul, that he 
promifed with an oath not to kill him. Saul having again 
refol ved on the death of David, Jonathan dill endeavoured 
to diffuade the king, from hisdefign; but, perceiving that 
the dedrudtion of his friend was determined on, he in¬ 
formed David, who lay concealed in a field; when, on 3 
fignal agreed upon between them, they met, converfed, 
and confirmed their frienddiip and covenant by an oath. 
The year following, while David was concealed in a fa¬ 
red in the wildernefs of Ziph, and Saul was in purluit of 
him with his troops, Jonathan went lecretly to his friend, 
ana they renewed the covenant between them. The war 
breaking out between the Hebrews and Philidines, Saul 
and Jonathan encamped on mount Gilboa with the army 
