£48 JON 
ago. The name oF Jonathan was in all probability affixed 
only to give credit to the work, and promote the fale of 
it. See Targum. 
JONCA'DE, /. A kind of fpoon-meat; a conipofition 
of cream, rofe-water, and fugar. Cole. 
JONCI'LS, a town of France, in the department of the 
Herault : twenty-five miles north of Beziers. 
JONCQUE'TIA, f. [fo named in memory of Denis Jonc- 
fuet, who publifhed a catalogue of his own garden, under 
the title of Hortus, feu Index Plantarum, quas colebat a. 
1658 & 1659. 4-to.] In botany, a genus of the clafs decan- 
dria, order tetragynia. The generic charadters are—Ca¬ 
lyx: perianthium five-leaved; leaflets roundifh, deciduous. 
Corolla: petals five; roundith, concave, fpreading; longer 
than the calyx. Stamina: filaments ten; Ihorter than the 
corolla ; growing to a glandule ; antherx roundith. Pif- 
tillum : germ pentagonal, furrounded by a glandule; llyles 
none; ftigmas five. Pericarpium : capfule nearlyglobofe, 
roundith-pentacoccous; one-celled, five-valved. Seeds 
five; ovate, arillated; each affixed to the valves.— EJfential 
CharaEler. Caiyx five-leaved ; petals five, fpreading ; fila¬ 
ments growing to a glandule ; ftyles none ; capfules fub- 
,globular, one-celled, five-valved, five-feeded. 
Species. Joncquetia Guianenfis, a Angle fpecies. It is a 
very large tree; trunk forty or fifty feet high, and two or 
threefeet indiameter, withafmooth ruflet-bark,and a white 
uncompadt wood. It has a great number of branching 
boughs at top„ thofe in the middle eredt, the reft horizon¬ 
tal and fpreading in all diredtions. Leaves alternate, un¬ 
equally pinnate; leaflets in three, four, or five, pairs, almoft 
but not quite oppofite, fmooth, thin, entire, oval, acumi¬ 
nate; the largeft fix inches in length, and two inches and 
a half in width; the lower ones of each leaf fmaller. Pe¬ 
tiole almoft cylindric, eight or nine inches long, thick and 
fleffiy at the bafe. Flowers fmall, numerous, white, axil¬ 
lary and terminating, in large wide fcattered panicles. 
Native of Guiana, where it is called tapiriri. It flowers in 
November, and bears fruit in April. 
JON'CY, a town of France, in the department of the 
Saone and Loire : fixteen miles fouth-weft of Chalons fur 
Saone, fifteen north-north-eaft of Charolles. 
JON'CY, a town of France, in the department of the 
Cote d’Or: three miles north-weft of Arnay le Due. 
JON'DAL, a town of Norway, in the diocefe of Bergen : 
thirty miles eaft of Bergen. 
JONDISABUR', a town of Perfia, in the province of 
Chufiftan : twenty miles north-weft of Suiter, 185 eaft- 
fouth-eaft of Bagdad. 
IONDRA'BA, f. in botany. See Biscutella. 
JONEIKISCH'KEN, a town of Pruflian Lithuania: 
thirty-fix miles weft of Tilfit. 
JO'NERSTORF, a town of the duchy of Wurzburg: 
four miles north-e.aft of Geroltzhofen. 
JONES (Inigo), an eminent architedt, was the fon of a 
elothworker in London, and was born in that city about 
1572. Scarcely any thing is known of the manner in which 
he-pafled his early years, but it is probable that he enjoyed 
few advantages of education, and was deftined to a me¬ 
chanical employment. He difplayed, however, a talent 
for the fine arts, which attracted the notice of fome lords 
about the court, among whom were the earls of Arundel 
and Pembroke. The latter of thefe noblemen has gene¬ 
rally the credit of becoming his patron, and fending him 
into Italy for the purpofe of perfecting himfelf in landlcape- 
painting, to which his genius feemed firft to point. He 
took up his refidence chiefly at Venice, where the works 
of Palladio gave him a turn to the ftudy of architedlure, 
which branch of art he made his profeflion. He acquired 
a reputation in that city, which procured him an invita¬ 
tion from Chriftian IV. king of Denmark, to come and 
occupy the poll of his firft-architedb He \vas fome years 
in the fervice of that fovereign, whom hi. accompanied 
in 1606 on a vifit to his brother-in-law king James; and, 
exprefling a defire of remaining in his native country, he 
was appointed architedt to the queen. He ferved prince 
JON 
Henry in the fame capacity, and obtained a grant in re- 
verfion of the place of furveyor-general of the works. Af¬ 
ter the death of the prince, Jones again vifited Italy, 
where he purfued further improvement during fome years. 
When the furveyor’s place fell, he returned to occupy the 
office ; and, finding the board of works much in debt, he 
relinquifhed his own dues, and prevailed on the comptroller 
and paymafter to do the fame, till all arrears were cleared 
The king, in 1620, let him a'tafk better fuited to a man 
of learning than an artift, which was, to exercife his inge¬ 
nuity in conjecturing the founders and the purpofe of 
that remarkable remain of antiquity, Stonehenge. Jones, 
whofe ideas were all Roman, convinced himfelf that it 
ought to be aferibed to that people, and wrote a treatife 
to prove his point 5 but of all the guefles relative to that 
ftrudture, this has lead obtained the concurrence of found 
antiquarians. At that time he was building the Banquet- 
ing-houfe at Whitehall, which was meant only as a pavi¬ 
lion to a fpiendid palace intended to be eredtfed, and of" 
which there exifts a magnificent defign from his ideas. 
The Banqueting-houfe lubfifts, a model of the pure and 
elegant tafte of the architect. 
In the fame year Jones was appointed one of the com- 
miflioners for the repair of St. Paul’s; but which was not 
commenced till the year 1633, when Laud, then billion of 
London, laid the firft ftone, and Inigo the fourth. “ In 
the reltoration of that cathedral, (fays Mr. Walpole,) he 
made two capital faults. He firft renewed the fides with 
very bad Gothic; and then added a Roman portico, mag¬ 
nificent and beautiful indeed, but which had no affinity 
with the ancient parts that remained, and made his own 
Gothic appear ten times heavier. He committed the fame 
error at Winchefter, thrufting a fereen in the Roman or 
Grecian tafte into the middle of that cathedral. Jones 
indeed was by no means fuccefsful when he attempted 
Gothic.” 
In 1623 he was employed at Somerfet-houfe, where a 
chapel was fitted up for the infanta of Spain, the in¬ 
tended bride of the prince of Wales, afterwards Charles I. 
The front to the river, part only of what was defigned, 
and the w-ater gate, were ereCted afterwards on the defigns 
of Inigo, as was the gate at York-ftairs. All thefe were 
removed to make room for the prefent beautiful ftructurc 
called Somerfet-houfe. 
On the acceffion of Charles I. Jones was continued in 
his pofts under both king and queen. His fee as lurveyor 
was 8s. 4d. a day, with an allowance of 46I. a-year for 
houfe-rent, befides a clerk, and incidental expences. What 
greater rewards he had, are not upon record. 
During the profperous ftate of the king’s affairs, the 
pleafuresof the court were carried on with much tafte and 
magnificence. Poetry, painting, mufic, and architecture, 
were all called in to make them rational amufements. 
Mr. Walpole is of opinion, that the celebrated feftivals of 
Louis XIV. were copied from the (hows exhibited at 
Whitehall, in his time the molt polite court in Europe. 
Ben Jonfon w'as the poet; Inigo Jones the inventor of the 
decorations; Laniere and Ferabofco compofed the fym- 
phonies; the king, the queen, and the young nobility:, 
danced in the interludes. We have accounts of many of 
thofe entertainments, called mafques ; they had been in¬ 
troduced by Anne of Denmark. Lord Burlington had a 
folio of the defigns for thefe folemnities, by Inigo’s own 
hand, confiding of habits, mafks, feenes, See. The har¬ 
mony of thefe mafks was a little interrupted by a war that 
broke out between the compofers, Inigo and Ben, in 
which, whoever was the aggreffor, the turbulent temper 
of Jonfon took care to be moft in the wrong. 
Inigo tailed early the misfortunes of his mafter. He 
was not only a favourite, but a Roman-catholic. The firft 
attack made upon him was in 1640, when he was called 
before the houie of lords, on a complaint of the parifhion- 
ers of St. Gregory’s, for demolifhing part of their church 
in order to make room for his additions to St.Paul’s. In 
1646 he was obliged to pay 545I, by way of compofitiora 
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