JOT 
king of Egypt, being at war with the Afiyrians, (or ra¬ 
ther Babylonians,) advanced with an army again ft the city 
of Carcheinilb, which was fituated on the river Euphrates. 
Whether Jofiah (ul'pefted him of hoftile defigns againft 
his kingdom, or was under an obligation to affift the king 
of Babylon by the terms on which his grandfather Ma¬ 
ri a (Teh had been feftored to his throne, cannot be afcer- 
tained; but he advanced with a confiderable army againft 
the king of Egypt, and encamped in the valley of Me- 
giddo. Here Pharaoh endeavoured to diituade him from 
taking any part in the war, but without fuccefs ; and, in 
an action which afterwards took place, Jofiah received a 
mortal wound, of which he died foon after he had been 
convened to Jenifdem, in the thirty-ninth year of his age, 
or 609 B. C. His death was greatly lamented by all his 
lubjettsj and on that oecafion the prophet Jeremiah .com- 
pofed a plaintive elegy, whidh for a long time was made 
life of on all mournful occafions, but is no longer extant. 
See 2 Kings xxii xxiii. 2 Chron. xxxiv. xxxv. 
JOS'IBAH, [Hebrew.] A man’s name. 
JOS'lDA, a town of Japan, in the ifland of Niphon : 
fixteen miles fouth-eaft of Seoda. 
JOS'LOWITZ, a town of Moravia, in Znaym : eight 
miles fouth-eaft of Znaym. 
JOS'NIOW, a town of Poland, in Podolia : forty-eight 
miles north-north-weft of Kaminiec. 
JOS'SELIN, a town of France, and principal place of 
a diftriff, in the department of the Morbihan : nineteen 
miles north-north-eaft of Vannes, thirty-three eall of 
l’Orient. Lat. 47. 57. N. Ion. 2. 28. W. 
JOSSLIO'KA, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of 
Sandomirz : feventy-lix miles loutli-fouth-weft of Sando- 
mirz. 
To JOS'TLE, v. a. \JouJler, Fr.] To juftle; to ruftt 
again If. 
JOST LING, f. The add of running againft. 
JOS'UAH, [Hebrew.] A man’s name. 
JOS'VO, a town of Hungary: lixteen miles weft of 
Cafchau. 
JOT,/! [twT«,Gr.] A point; a tittle; the leaft quan¬ 
tity affignable.—You might, with every jot as much juf- 
tice, hang me up becaufe I’m old, as beat me becaufe 
I’m impotent. L’Efirange .—A man may read the difcourfes 
of a very rational author, and yet acquire not one jot of 
knowledge. Locke. 
This nor hurts him nor profits you a jot ; 
Forbear it therefore; give your caufe to heav’n. Shake/p. 
This bond doth give thee here no jot of blood; 
The words exprefsly are a pound of flefh. Shakefpe'are. 
10 'TA, f. [Greek.] The vowel i in the Greek al¬ 
phabet ; a jot; a tittle ; the fmallelt affignable quantity ; 
the fmallelt part. The Greek iota 1 is derived from the 
Hebrew "> jod, or the Syrian judh. Our Saviour lays, 
Matth. v. 18, that every jot or tittle of the law mult be ful¬ 
filled ; and it feems to have been a kind of proverb among 
the Jews, to denote a very minute and complete fulfil¬ 
ment or accomplifhment, becaufe an iota is the fmallelt 
letter in the alphabet: Iota unum ant unus apex ; now apex 
is properly a ltroke, a point, or the extremity of certain 
Hebrew letters which exceed each other in length, as 
lamed, fchin, See. Calmd. 
IOT'ACISM,/ The frequent mention of the letter I; 
an egotifm. A defedt in the organs of fpeech ; a kind of 
Hammering, wherein the letter i is frequently and rapidly 
uttered. 
JOTA'KO, a fmall ifland in the Mediterranean : two 
mdes eaft of Teaki. 
JO'TAN, a town of Afiatic Turkey, on the weft coaft 
of Natolia, near Cape Arbre : ten miles north of Milets. 
JOTAPA'TA, in ancient geography, a town of the 
Lower Galilee, diftant forty ftadia from Gabara ; a very 
ftrong place, fituated on a rock, walled round, and en- 
compafied on ail fules with mountains, lo as not to be 
feen but by thole who come very near. It was with 
J O U 271 
great difficulty taken by Vefpafian, being defended by 
Jolephus, who commanded in it; when taken, it was or¬ 
dered to'be rafed. 
JOT'BAH, Jot'bath, or Jotbathah, an encampment 
of the Ifraelites in the wildernefs, between Gidgad and 
Ebronah. Numb, xxxiii. 3,4. 
JO THAM, [Heb. perfedlion.] A man’s name. 
JO'THAM, the youngeft of the leventy Ions of Gideon, 
and the only one who elcaped the murderous fword of 
his half-brother Abimelech, whom the Shechemites chole 
for their king, was the author of the earlieft parable upon 
record, which is diftinguifhed by great elegance, energy, 
and beauty of application. It Ihows to what a height 
this method of compofition was carried among the Jews, 
and, perhaps, among the eafter.ns in general, long before 
the Greeks, who made their boaft of being the authors 
of it, appear to have been acquainted with its ul"e. The 
earlieft authorities to which they could appeal for exam¬ 
ples of the parable, or fable, are Hefiod and Homer, who 
flourifhed towards the clofe of the tenth century B. C. 
but the date of Jotham’s parable is to be referred to the 
former part of the thirteenth century B.C. This para¬ 
ble and its application are given in Judges ix. 8-20. 
JO'THAM, king of Judah, afcended the throne on the 
death of his father Azariah, in the year 757 B. C. at the 
age of twenty-five. He was a wife and pious prince, and 
his government was blefled with extraordinary fuccefs. 
He defeated the hoftile attempts of the confederate kings 
of Ifrael and Syria againft Judah, and obliged the Am¬ 
monites to become his tributaries. He repaired and 
beautified the Temple; ftrengthened the internal force 
of his kingdom by the ereflion of fortrefles in the molt 
proper places for its defence ; and after a reign of fixteen 
years died in peace, in the year 742 B. C. See 2 Kings 
xv. 2 Chron. xxvii. 
JOTT'STADT. See Gostadt. 
JOUAR'RE, a town of France, in the department of 
the Seine and Marne: ten miles fouth of Meaux. 
JOUAVIL'LE, a town of France, in the department of 
the Mofelle: five miles fouth of Briey, and nine weft of 
Metz. 
JOU'BERT (Francis), a learned and worthy French 
prieft at Montpellier, was born in the year 1689, and died 
in the year 1763. He was the fon of a fyndic of the 
Hates of Languedoc, and difeharged the duties of that 
poll himfelf for fome time before he entered into holy 
orders. He is commended for the extent of his know¬ 
ledge, and alfo for the fimplicity and modefty of his 
manners; but, on account of his attachment to the prin¬ 
ciples of Janlenius, he was perlecuted by the Jefuits, and 
immured for lome time in the BaHile. He was the author 
of various works, which are held in eftimation by the 
catholics of his party: among which are, 1. An Expolition 
of the Prophecies of Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and Daniel, five 
vols. nmo. a. Commentaries on the twelve minor Pro¬ 
phets, fix vols. i2tno. 3; A Commentary on the Apo- 
calypfe, 1762, in two vols. nmo. 
JOU'BERT (Laurence), a learned phyfician, born at 
Valence in Dauphine, in 1529 ; ftudied under Sylvius and 
Fallopius, and became^ profeflor-royal and chancellor of 
the univerfity of Montpellier, and likewile phyfician in 
ordinary to the kings of France and Navarre. He wrote 
a number of works in his profelTion, which, being rather 
the product of hypothetical reaionirig than experience, 
have been long configned to oblivion. The work which 
was molt famous in his own time, is entitled Difcours 
Populaires touchant la Medicine & le Regime de Sante; 
and alfo Traite centre ies Evreurs Populaires, firft printed 
in 1578. It was addrefled to queen-Margaret of Valois5, 
and as the fecond part treated in a very free, and even, 
occafionally, a jocular manner, on the myfteries of gene¬ 
ration, &c. his dedication to the queen was thought a 
great indecorum. He was.made lenfrble of this, and in- 
fcribed the fecond edition to Pibrac. The work, however, 
was much read; and not the kfs for the levity, of its 
4 manner* 
