J O u 
rfCUJS, who held a council at Rome, in which Jovinian’s 
doftrines were declared to be contrary to fcripture, and 
he himfelf was cut off from the communion of the church, 
as well as the moft refolute and fteady of his adherents. 
Xnftead of paflively fubmitting to this fentence, Jovinian 
repaired to Milan, in order to gain the proteftion and fa¬ 
vour of the emperor Theodofius, who was then at that 
city, as well as to engage the intereft of Ambrofe, the 
bifhop, on his behalf. Syricius, however, found means 
to fecure Ambrofe on his fide, who, in a council held at 
Milan in the year 390, condemned the doftrines of Jovi- 
nian ; and the emperor was prevailed upon to drive him 
from the city. Thefe proceedings had no other effeft 
upon Jovinian than to make him adhere firmly to his opi¬ 
nions, and to defend them in a book which he publifhed ; 
againft which Jerome not long afterwards wrote a molt 
bitter and abufive treatife. Being returned to the neigh¬ 
bourhood of Rome, he continued to aflemble with his 
followers without the walls of the city till the year 412, 
when the emperor Honorius, at the requeft of the neigh¬ 
bouring bifliops, undertook to anfwer his reafonings by 
the terror of coercive and penal laws, and ilfued an edift, 
which fubjefted him apd his accomplices to be beaten 
with whips armed with lead, and afterwards to tranfpor- 
tation to different iflands. Jovinian himfelf was banifhed 
to the ifle of Boa, on the coaft of Dalmatia; and it is not 
certain how long he lived after that event. Mojh. Hijl. 
Eccl. Sac. IV. 
JOU'ISANCE,/ [rejouijfance, Fr.] Jollity; merriment; 
feftivity. Obfolete: 
Colin, my dear, when fhall it pleafe thee fing, 
As thou wert wont, fongs of fome jouifance ? Spen/er. 
JO'VIUS. See Giovio, vol. viii. p. 576. 
To JOUK, v. n. In falconry, to fleep as a hawk. Phillips. 
JOU'KING, f. The aft of fleeping in the manner of a 
hawk. 
JOUNPO'R A, a town of Hindooftan, in Bahar: twenty- 
five miles fouth-weft of Patna. 
JOU'QUES, a town of France, in the department of 
the Mouths of the Rhone : twelve miles north-eaft of Aix. 
JOU'RA, an ifland in the Grecian Archipelago, about 
ten miles in circuit, barren and uncomfortable: twelve 
miles fouth-weft of Andros. Lat. 37.37.N. Ion. 24.46. E. 
JOU'RKOUP, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in Caramania: 
forty-eight miles fouth-eaft of Kir-fhehr, fifty ealt-north- 
eaft of Akferai. 
JOUR'NAL, adj. [journale , Fr. giornale, Ital.J Daily; 
quotidian. Out of ufe. —Stick to your journal coutfe ; the 
breach of cuftom is breach of all. Shakefpeare. 
Ere twice the fun has made his journal greeting 
To th’ under generation, you fhall find 
Your fafety manifefted. Shakefpeare. 
JOUR'NAL, f. [ journal , Fr. giornale, Ital.J A diary; 
an account kept of daily tranfaftions.—Edward kept a 
moft judicious journal of all the principal paffages of the 
affairs of his eftate. Hayward. —Time has deftroyed two 
noble journals of the navigation of Hanno and of Hamil- 
car. Arbuthnol. —Any paper publifhed daily. 
Journal, in merchants accounts, is a book into which 
every particular article is polled out of the wafte-book, 
according to the order of time, fpecifying the debtor and 
the creditor in each account and tranfaftion. See Book- 
Keeping, vol. iii. 
Journal, in maritime affairs, is a regifter kept by the 
pilot, and others, noticing every thing that happens to 
the fhip, from day to day, and from hour to hour, with 
regard to the winds, the rhumbs or courles, the knots or 
rate of running, the rake, foundings, aftronomical obfer- 
vations for the latitudes and longitudes, &c. to enable 
them to adjuft the reckoning, and determine the place 
where the (hip is. In all Pea-journals, the day, or what 
is called the 24 hours, is divided into twice 12 hours, 
thole before noon marked A. M. for ante meridiem, and 
Vol. XI. No. 752. 
J O U 278 
thofe from noon to midnight marked P. M. poll meridiem, 
or afternoon. 
Journal is alfo ufed f®r the title of feveral books 
which come out at dated times; and give accounts and 
abltrafts of the new books that are publifhed, with the 
new improvements daily made in arts and fciences. The 
firft journal of this kind u'as, the Journal des S^avans, 
printed at Paris; the defign was let on foot for the eafe 
of fuch as are too bufy, or too lazy, to read the entire 
books themfelves. It leems an excellent way of fatisfy- 
ing a man’s curiofity, and becoming learned upon eafy 
terms; and fo ufeful has it been found, that if has been 
executed in moft other countries, though under a great, 
variety of titles. Of this kind arc the Ada Eruditorum 
of Leipfic; the Nouvelles de la Republique des Lettres 
of Mr. Bayle, &c. the Bibliotbeque Univerfelle, Choifie, 
et Ancienne et Moderne, of M. le Clerc; the Memoirs 
de Trevoux, &c. In 1692, Juncker printed in Latin, An 
Hiftorical Treatife of the Journals of the Learned, pub- 
lilhed in the feveral parts of Europe; and Wollius, Stru- 
vius, Morhoff, Fabricius, &c. have done fomethingof the 
fame kind. The Philofophical Tranfaftions of London ; 
the Memoirs of the Royal Academy of Sciences; thofe of 
the Academy of the Belles Lettres ; the Mifcellanea Na¬ 
turae Curioforum ; the Experiments of the Academy del. 
Cimento, the Ada Philo-exoticorum Naturae et Artis, 
which appeared from March 1686 to April 1687, and which 
are a hiltory of the Academy of Breffe; the Mifcellanea 
Berolinenfia, or Memoirs of the Academy of Berlin ; the 
Commentaries of the Academy of Peterfburgh ; the Me¬ 
moirs of the Inftitute at Bologna; the Acta Literaria 
Suecioe; the Memoirs of the Royal Academy of Stock¬ 
holm, begun in 1740; the Commentarii Societatis Regiae 
Gottingenlis, begun in 1750, &c. See. are not fo properly 
journals, though they are frequently ranked in the number. 
Juncker and Wollius give the honour of the firft inven¬ 
tion of journals to Photius. His Bibliotheca, however, 
is not altogether of the fame nature with the modern jour¬ 
nals ; nor was his defign the fame. It confifts of abridg¬ 
ments and extracts of books which he had read during 
his embafly in Perlia. M. Salo firft began the Journal 
des Scavans at Paris, in 1665, under the name of the Sieur 
de Hedonville; but his death foon after interrupted the 
work. The abbe Gallois then took it up, and he, in the 
year 1674, gave way to the abbe de la Roque, who con¬ 
tinued it nine years, and was fucceeded by M. Coufin, 
who carried it on till the year 1702, when the abbe Big- 
non inftituted a new fociety, and committed the care of 
continuing the journal to them, who improved and pub¬ 
lifhed it under a new form. This fociety is ftill continued, 
and M. de Loyer has had the infpeftion of the journal; 
which is no longe? the work of any fingle author, but of 
a great number. The other French journals are the Me¬ 
moirs and Conferences of Arts and Sciences, by M. Den¬ 
nis, during the years 1672, 1673, and 1674; New Difco- 
veries in all the Parts of Phylic, by M. de Blegny; the 
Journal of Phyfie, begun in 1684, and fome others, dif- 
continued almoft as foon as begun. Rozier’s Journal de 
Phylique, begun in July 1771, and continued till, in the 
year 1780, there were 19 vols. quarto. 
The Nouvelles de la Republique des Lettres, News from 
the Republic of Letters, were begun by M. Bayle in 1684, 
and carried on by him till the year 1687, when, M. Bayle 
being difabled by licknefs, his friends, M. Bernard and 
M. de la Roque, took them up, and continued them till 
1699. After an interruption of nine years, M. Bernard 
relumed the work, and continued it till the year 1710. 
The Hiltory of the Works of the Learned, by M. Bafnage, 
was begun in the year 1686, and ended in 1710. The 
Univerlal Hiftorical Library, by M. le Clerc, was con¬ 
tinued to the year 1693, and contained twenty-five vo¬ 
lumes. The Bibliotheque Choifie of the fame author, be¬ 
gan in 1703. The Mercure de France is one of the moft 
ancient journals of that country, and is continued by dif¬ 
ferent hands. The Memoirs of a Hiltory of Sciences and 
4 A Arts, 
