J O u 
JOU'SOUF BEN ABDAL'BER, one of the mo ft 51 - 
lullrious of the Mahometan doftors, who was an iman, 
or chief of a mofque, and fpent his whole time in devo¬ 
tion and ftudy, of which he left behind him numerous 
proofs in works compofed in the Arabic language.' The 
principal of them are, j. Ifiiab, or the Univerial Book, 
which is held in high efteem by the Mulfulmans. 2. Tam- 
hid Ala al Maoutha de Malek, or an Expofition of the Maou- 
tha of Malek. 3. Dorar Filrnegazi Valfeir, containing a 
colleftion of the moil remarkable events attending the 
conquefts of the Muffulmans, and defcriptions of their 
manners and cuftoms. 4. Hegiat Almegia/is, or Various 
Difcourfes in the Form of Dialogues. In the laft-men- 
tioned work, this doftor tells us, that Mahomet once 
dreamt that he was in Paradife, where, among other things, 
he faw one of the machines commonly made u.fe of in the 
Levant for the purpofe of drawing water out of deep 
wells. Mahomet was curious to know whofe it was; and, 
when informed that it was the property of Abugehel, one 
of the greateft enemies of the Mulfulman religion, and of 
Mahomet, whom he confidered as a reprobate, he could 
not help exclaiming, “What bulinefs has anything be¬ 
longing to Abugehel in Paradife? he will never enter it 
himfelf.” Some time afterwards the foil of Abugehel 
having embraced the Mulfulman faith, the circumlfance 
gave Mahomet great l'atisfaftion, as he imagined that it 
furnilhed him with an interpretation of his dream. The. 
machine he confidered to be an emblem of Abugehel, who 
had been the inftrument of drawing up his foil from the 
bottom of the pit of idolatry, and of railing him alrnoft 
to the knowledge of the true God, while he himfelf was 
plunged deeper and deeper into the abyfs of infidelity. 
D'Herbclot's Biblioth. Orient. 
JOU'SOUF BEN TA'GRI BAR'DI, a celebrated au¬ 
thor, and a man of rank in the fervice of the fultans of 
Egypt. His entire name, with his titles, is, Al Emir Ge- 
maleddin Aboul Me ha fen Ebn Tangri Virdi al Dhakeri al Ala- 
beki. He had alfo given to him, by way of diftinftion, 
the title of Mouarekh Mefr ; or, the Hilloriographer of 
Egypt, on account of an excellent work which lie drew 
up, containing a complete hiltory of that country, and en¬ 
titled, Nogioum Alzaherah Ji Molouk Mefr ou al Caherah ; or, 
Lights to guide us to an Acquaintance with the Hiftory 
o! the Kings of Egypt and of Cairo. This work is di¬ 
vided into four volumes, of which the firft treats of the 
conquelt of Egypt by the Mulfulmans; the government 
of Amru Ebn al As; and of all who governed or reigned 
in that country under the caliphs to the time of Malek al 
Afchraf Inal, the twelfth fultan of the Circalfian Mama- 
lakes, who began his reign in the year of the Hegira 857, 
or 1449 of the Chriftian aera. This author has marked 
the degrees to which the Nile afcended or defcended every 
year; and his work is faid to be in all refpefts one of the 
moll complete of the numerous performances which pro- 
fefs to treat of the hiftory of Egypt. Selim, emperor of the 
Turks, after he had conquered this country, met with 
and read this work, with which he was fo highly pleafed, 
that he commanded Schamfeddin Ahmed Ben Soliman 
Ben Kemal, who had been his preceptor, to tranllate it 
into the Turkilh language. This Schamfeddin, who had 
been railed to the high poll of cadi-lelkar of Anatolia, 
and in that capacity attended Selim on his return from 
Egypt to Conftantinople, tranliated a part of the work at 
every encampment of the army, and proceeded in it with 
fuch diligence, that, by the time when Selim arrived at 
his capital, he was able to prefent him with a complete 
Turkilh verfion of the whole. Joufouf himfelf drew up 
an abridgment of his own work, which he undertook, 
that a mangled performance of the kind might not be fent 
into the world by fome perfon unequal to the talk; and 
he publilhed it under the title of, Kaonakeb Albaherah mel 
al Nogium Alzaherah. The name of the father of our au¬ 
thor, Tangri Virdi, which fignities in Turkilh “ God’s Gift,” 
has been corrupted by the Arabs, who write and pro¬ 
nounce it Tagri Bardi. He was fuperintendant of the ef- 
J O U 275 
tales and finances belonging to the fultan of Egypt in the 
provinces of Damafcus and Aleppo, which camprife the 
greateft part Syria. D' HerbeLt's Biblioth. Orient. 
JOUST,/ [French.] Tilt; tournament ; mock fight. 
It is now written, lei's properly, Just : 
Bales, and tinfel trappings, gorgeous knights 
At joujl and tournament. Milton. 
To JQUST, v. a. To run in the tilt: 
All who fince 
JouJlcd in Afpramont or Montalban. Milton. 
JOU'STING, / The aft of running a tilt. 
JOU'TRA, a town of Sweden, in Tavafiland : fixty- 
five miles north-eaft ofTavalthus. 
JOUVENCY' (Jofeph), a learned Jefuit, born at Paris 
in 1423. He entered into the lociety of Jefus in 1659,. 
and was profelfor of rhetoric in its ieminaries, firft at Caen, 
then af La Fleche, and finally at Paris, where he occu¬ 
pied that poll with great reputation for twenty years. 
He was invited to Rome in 1699 to write the continu¬ 
ation of a hiftory of the fociety, and died in that capital 
in 1719. As a philologill he made himfelf known by the 
following works: 1. Latin Harangues delivered on va¬ 
rious Occalions, 2 vols. 121110. 2. De Arte difeendi & 
docendi; nmo. 3. Appendix de Diis &; Heroibus Poe- 
ticis, accounted an excellent compendium of mythology. 
4. Notes on Terence, Horace, Ovid’s Metamorpholes, 
Perfeus, Juvenal, Martial, and fome works of Cicero. 5. 
A Latin Verfion of the firft Philippic of Demofthenes. 
In all thele pieces he has difplayed great purity, elegance, 
and facility of ltyle, for which he is more diftinguilhed 
than for novelty and depth of thought. As an hiltorian 
of his order, he has imbibed the entire fpirit of Rome, to 
the negleft of his principles as a Frenchman. He is the 
apologift of father Guignard, executed under Henry IV. 
as the promoter of t]ie treafonable attempt of Chatel. 
His part in the hiftory of the Jeluits comprifes the period 
from 1591 to 1616, and was printed at Rome in 1710, fo¬ 
lio. It was twice condemned by arrets of parliament,, 
and gave rife to feveral controverfial writings. Morcri's 
Nouv DiEl. FUJI. 
JOUVENE'T (John), an eminent French painter, was 
born at Rouen in 1644. His father, a painter, and de- 
feended from a family of artifts, brought him up to his 
own profefiion. At the age of feventeen he was lent to 
Paris, where, without the aid of a mailer, he formed his 
own ftyle. His principal ftudy was nature, but he de¬ 
rived ideas of compcfition and other requifites of art from 
the works of Poullin. He never enjoyed the opportunity 
of vifiting Italy. After dillinguilhing himfelf by lorne 
great performances, he was noticed by Charles le Brun, 
who, in 1675, introduced him to the Academy of Paint¬ 
ing, of which he was fucceftively appointed profelfor, di¬ 
rector, and perpetual reftor. He was employed in many 
confiderable works for the decoration of churches and 
public buildings, and was much efteemed by Louis XIV. 
for whom he made defigns for tapeftry, and painted a 
large piece in the chapel of Verfailles. His manner was 
bold and fpirited ; his drawing correct, and in a grand 
ftyle; his figures well varied, exprelfive, and happily dif- 
pofed ; and his management of light and (hade fuch as 
gave a ftrong relief. In fome of his works, however, his 
defigns are thought too much loaded, and the yellow tint 
of his carnations deviates from the natural hue of flefn. 
Upon the whole, he is regarded as one of the principal 
ornaments of the French Ichool, and a real genius in iiis 
art. Having been attacked in 1713 with a. pally on the 
right fide, he continued to paint with his left hand, and 
with fo much fnccefs, that the difference was not percep¬ 
tible. He died in the year 1717, at the age of leventy- 
three. Jouvenet was of a frank lively difpofition, agree¬ 
able in converlation, and eftirnable for worth and probitv. 
He was very induftrious, and has left numerous works at 
Paris, and in other parts of France. About forty of his 
pieces 
