I R E L 
or by fuch agents as Ihould be approved by the ftate, and 
to keep a fufficient quantity of arms- for their defence. 
The Britilh and fervitors were not to alienate their lands 
to mere Irilh, or to demife any portions of them to fuch 
perfons as Ihould refufe to take the oaths to government; 
they were to let-them at determined rents, and for no 
fhorter term than twenty-one years or three lives. The 
lioufeS of their tenants were to be built after the Englith 
fafhion, and united together in towns or villages. They 
had power to eredt manors, to hold courts-baron, and 
to create tenures. The old natives, whole tenures were 
granted in fee-liinple, to be held in foccage, were allowed 
the like privileges. They were enjoined to let their lands 
at certain rents, and for the like terms as the other under¬ 
takers; to take no Irilh exactions from their inferior te¬ 
nants, and to oblige them to forfake their old Scythian 
cultom of wandering with their cattle from place to place 
for palture, or creagkting as they called it ; to dwell in 
towns, and conform to the Englith manner of tillage and 
hulbandry. An annual rent from all the lands was re- 
ferved to the crown; for every fixty Englifh acres, 6s. 8d. 
from the undertakers, ios. from fervitors, and 13s. 4-d. 
from Irilh natives. But for two years, they were exempt 
from fuch payments, except the natives, who were not 
fubjeft to the charge of tranfportation. What gave par¬ 
ticular credit to this undertaking, was the capital part 
which--the city of London was perfuaded to take in it. 
The corporation accepted of large grants in the county 
of Derry ; they engaged to expend 20,000k on the plan¬ 
tation, to build the cities of Derry (now called London¬ 
derry) and Coleraine, and ftipulated for fuch privileges as 
might make their fettlements convenient and refpedtable. 
As a competent force was neceffary to protedl this infant 
plantation, the king, to fupport the charge, inllitutec} the 
order of baronets, an hereditary dignity, to be conferred 
on a number not exceeding two hundred; each of whom, 
on palling his patent, was to pay into the exchequer fuch 
a fum as would maintain thirty men in Uliler, for three 
years, at 8d. daily pay. See the article Heraldry, in 
vol. ix. 
But fcarcely had the lands been allotted to the different 
patentees, when conliderable portions were reclaimed by 
the clergy as their rightful property. So far indeed had 
the eltates of the northern bilhoprics been embarraffed, 
both by the ufurpations of the Irilh lords, and the claims 
of patentees, that they fcarcely afforded a competent, 
much lefs an honourable, provilion for men of worth and 
learning, while the ftate of the parochial clergy was ftill 
more deplorable. Molt of the northern churches had been 
either deftroyed in the late wars or had fallen, to ruin ; 
the benefices were fmall, and either fliamefully kept by 
the bilhops in the way of commendam or fequeltration, or 
filled with minilters as fcandalous as their income. The 
wretched flock was totally abandoned ; and for many years 
divine fervice had not been ufed in any parilh-church of 
Ulfter, except in cities and great towns. To remedy thele 
abqfes, and to make fome proper provilion for the inftruc- 
tion of a people immerfed in lamentable ignorance, the 
king ordained, that all ecclefiaftical lands Ihould be re- 
ftored to their refpective fees and churches, and that all 
lands Ihould be deemed ecclefiaftical from which bilhops 
had in former times received rents or penfions : that com- 
pofttions Ihould be made with the patentees for the kite 
oi cathedral churches, the refidences of bilhops and dig¬ 
nitaries, and other church-lands which were not intended 
to be conveyed to them; who were to receive equivalents 
if they compounded freely ; otherwife to be deprived of 
their patents, as the king was deceived in his grant, and 
the poffelfions reftored to the church. To provide for the 
inferior clergy, the bilhops were obliged to relign all their 
impropriations, and relinquilh the tythes paid them out 
of pari flies, to the refpective incumbents ; for which am¬ 
ple recotnpence was made out of the king’s lands. Every 
propprtion allotted to undertakers was made a parilh, 
with a parochial church to each. The incumbents, be- 
A N D. 307 
lides their tythes and duties, had glebe-lands affigned to 
them of fixty, ninety, or one hundred and twenty acres, 
according to the extent of their parilhes. To provide for 
a fucceflion of worthy paftors, free-fchools were endowed 
in the principal towns, and conliderable grants of lands 
conferred on the univerfity of Dublin, together with the 
advowfon of fix parochial churches, three of the largeft, 
and three of the middle proportion in each county. 
Such was the general fcheme of this famous northern 
plantation, fo honourable to the king, and of fuch confe- 
quence to the realm of Ireland. Its happy eftedts were 
immediately perceived, although the execution by no 
means correfponded with the original idea. Buildings 
were llowly eredled ; Britilh tenants were difficult to be 
procured in fufficient numbers; the old natives were at 
hand, offered higher rents, and were received into thofe 
diftridls from which it was intended to exclude them. 
In this particular, the' Londoners were accufed of being 
notorioufly delinquent. They adted entirely by agents ; 
their agents were interefted and indolent, and therefor* 
readily countenanced this dangerous intrufion of the na¬ 
tives ; an error of which fufficient caufe was afterwards 
found to repent. For the prefent, however, a number of 
loyal and induftrious inhabitants was poured into the 
northern counties, conliderable improvements made by 
the planters, and many towns eredled. To encourage 
their indultry, and advance his own project, the king was 
pleafed to incorporate feveral of thefe towns, fo that they 
had a right of reprefentation in the Irilh parliament. 
The flames of civil war had not been long extinguilh- 
ed in Ireland before the country began to be did rafted 
with religious diffetifions. The catholics, refufing to take 
the oaths of fupremacy, were enraged by their exclufton 
from offices and places in the gift of the crown ; though 
magiftrates and lawyers of that perlualion were tacitly 
permitted to exercife their functions. Their dilfatisfac- 
tion foon began to manifeft itfelf. The nrft parliament 
reprefenting the whole kingdom of Ireland was about to. 
alfemble. Seventeen new counties and a great number of 
boroughs had been formed, and the catholics were appre- 
henfive of the preponderance of the proteftant intereft 
through the exertion of the influence of the king. A 
petition figned by fix of the principal nobles was accord¬ 
ingly tranfmitted to James,' praying that the eredlion of' 
boroughs might be fufpended, and the penal laws againlt 
non-conformifts repealed; expreffing alfo their fears of 
laws intended againft the catholics, which would encou¬ 
rage the difaftedted, and might even endanger his go¬ 
vernment. This petition.the king pronounced rafiv and 
infolent: on which the recufants now exerted their ut- 
moit efforts to procure a majority of their own body in 
the new parliament which met in 1613. Defeated in this 
objedl, they clamoured againft the legality of the eledlion 
of many of the proteftant members ; and in the choice of a 
fpeaker, notwithftanding the majority in favour of fir John 
Davies, they infilled on placing one of their own party in 
the chair. This tumultuous fcene terminated in the fe- 
ceffion of the catholics from both houfes; and fir Arthur 
Chichelter, the lord deputy, prorogued the parliament to 
give' time for the violence of paffion to fubfide. A de¬ 
putation was now fent by the catholics to lay their griev¬ 
ances before the king; but two of thefe agents conduced 
themfelves with fuch infolence, that they were fent to 
prifon. James, however, gave them a patient hearing, 
admitted them to plead their caufe before the council, 
which, after a full difeuffion, declared their allegations to 
be groundlefs, except in relation to the returns of mem¬ 
bers for two boroughs created after the writs had been if- 
fued. The king, in a long, fpeech, expreffed his difap- 
probation of their tumultuous and undutiful behaviour; 
but at the fame time profeffed his readinefs to Ihow them 
favour in cafe of their future loyal and good condudl. 
After repeated prorogations, the parliament again met 
in 1614. The heat of party had abated ; the meafures 
adopted by the king for abolilhing odious diltindlions 
among 
