IRELAND. 
31 8 
ing appointed lord-lieutenant, a prefent: of 30,0001. was 
voted him by the Irilh parliament, and his fon, lord Of- 
fory, was called by writ to the honfe of peers. This new 
chief governor, foon after his arrival in Ireland, gave the 
royal alient, among other aft's, to the bill of .fettlement. 
This ftatute, though long and laborioufly debated, was 
not completely 1 'utisfa.ftory to any party. Contrary to ex¬ 
pectation, the lands were found quite in.fufficient for the 
claimants ; and, as fome mult necelfarily fuffer, the lofs 
was allotted to be fuftained by the catholics. The dif- 
contents were augmented by the execution of the aft, 
which was entrulted to Englilli commiffioners, totally un¬ 
connected with Irilh interefts. Notwithftanding the ri¬ 
gorous qualifications required of catholics, by far the 
greater proportion of thole who firft came forward with 
claims were pronounced innocent; and, as thefe were to 
be immediately reftored to the lands without provifion 
for the comper.lation of the aftual poflefl'ors, thefe lait, as 
well as the adventurers and foldiers, began to be extremely 
alarmed. Such was the fpirit of dififfeftion excited by 
this caufe, that in 1663 a plan of general infurreftion was 
formed by fome officers who had ferved in Cromwell’s 
army, as well as a feparate plot for the feizure of the caf- 
tle of Dublin ; and, though both were difcovered and 
fruitrated, the confpirators perfevered in their treafonable 
defigns. Apprifed of their proceedings, the lord-lieute¬ 
nant, on the eve of the day appointed for furprifing the 
caftle, apprehended twenty-five of the principals, a few of 
whom were executed, and the reft pardoned. 
A bill of explanation for the aft of fettlement having 
been prepared in 1665, agents from the feveral parties at¬ 
tended the Engliffi council, to plead their caufes in its 
-difculfion; and Ormond was alfo fumntoned to London to 
affift in this perplexing bufinefs, and deputed his autho- 
rity during his abfence to his fon the earl of Oii’ory. The 
lord-lieutenant, affifted by l'uch of the Irilh privy-counfel- 
lors as happened to be in London, the commifiloners of 
claims, and the folicitor-general, reviewed what had al¬ 
ready been deliberated, and fuggefted farther expedients 
for the fettlement of Ireland. After a difcuffion of almoft 
ten months, they accepted a propofal made by the catho¬ 
lics, that, for the fatisfaftion of their interefts, the foldiers 
and adventurers fiiould relinquifh one third of the king’s 
grants; and, with the confent of all the agents, the bill 
of explanation was at length fubmitted to the privy-coun¬ 
cil. This new bill, however, was far from appealing the 
difcontents of the catholics, fince it declared that the 
claims of the proteftants were to be firft fettled ; that 
any doubtful point Ihould be interpreted in their favour; 
and that no papift, who had not been adjudged innocent 
under the former aft, Ihoulcl in future be allowed to claim 
lands or fettiements on a plea of innocence. This laft 
provifo certainly bore extremely hard on that body. The 
authority of the court of claims had expired, when no 
more than about 600, out of 4000, claims had been de¬ 
cided ; and of the remainder, excluded from all chance 
of a fair trial of their conduft, only twenty, left to the 
nomination of Ormond, were to be reftored by the royal 
grace to their eftates. This bill at length palled into an 
aft by the unanimous vote of the Irifli parliament; but 
its execution afforded perpetual employment for many 
years to Ormond and the privy-council, whom the five 
commiffioners appointed for that purpofe were direfted to 
confult in all cafes of doubt and difficulty. 
The afts of fettlement and explanation had fcarcely 
eftablilhed tranquillity in Ireland, when the abfurd plans 
of impolitic ftatefmen began to harafs this unfortunate 
country. From various caufes, the chief of which was 
religious perfecution, the rents of England had been di- 
minilhed to the annual amount of 200,000!. This de- 
creafe was charged to the importation of Irilh cattle, which 
Was therefore prohibited by an aft of the parliament held 
at Oxford in 1665. Cut off from their ufual commerce 
with Great Britain, and prevented by the want of Ihip- 
ping, and by war, from trading to foreign countries; the 
people of Ireland were reduced to a deplorable condition. 
The diflatisfaftion of an unpaid army broke forth at Car- 
rickfergus in a mutiny of the garrifon, who feized th.e 
town and caftle with a defperate defiance of authority. 
Ormond marched againft them on the land-fide, while his 
fon the earl of Arran condufted an armament to attack 
them by fea. After fome refiftance, the revolvers' furren- 
dered, and nine were executed. A fupply of 15,000]. 
from the Englilh treafury enabled the lord-lieutenant to 
pacify the troops, and to eftabiifli a militia, to guard againft 
an invafion threatened by France. Notwithftanding the 
ungenerous conduft of the Englilli parliament, thirty 
thoufand beeves, the only rifches of the country, were 
cheerfully contributed by the Irilh nobility and gentry, 
for the relief of the fufferers by the tremendous confla¬ 
gration of London in 1666 ; but this aft of dilinterefted 
benevolence was malignantly interpreted in England as a 
fcheme to defeat the aft of prohibition. 
To alleviate the diftrefles of the Irilh, the king, by an 
aft of ftate, allowed them a free trade to all foreign coun¬ 
tries, whether at peace or war with England ; while Or¬ 
mond earneftly encouraged them to manufafture the pro- 
duftions of their country at home. A tnanufaftory of 
Norwich ftuffs was eftablilhed at Clonmel; and, to pro¬ 
cure workmen, five hundred families of Proteftant Wal¬ 
loons were removed from Canterbury to Ireland. At Car- 
rick on Suir, a manufacture of friezes was commenced ; 
fir William Temple was engaged to fend five hundred fa 1 - 
milies from Brabant; fkilful workmen and artifts were 
procured from France, the Netherlands, and other foreign 
countries ; and every poffible effort was made for the re¬ 
vival of the linen-manufaftures. While thus laudably 
engaged, Ormond was removed from the government 
through the influence of an odious junto at the Englilh 
court, known by the name of the Cabal ; and lord Robarts 
was appointed his fucceffbr. The views of the Cabal 
were direfted to the eftablilhment throughout the Britilh 
dominions of the Romilh religion, as lefs repugnant than 
the proteftant to defpotic monarchy; and the lupprelfion, 
by the afliftance of the French king, of all the rights and 
privileges of the people. To forward this infamous de- 
fign in Ireland, lord Berkeley of Stratton, a creature com¬ 
pletely fubfervient to the junto, was foon fent to fu por¬ 
ted e Robarts. 
From the time of queen Elizabeth, the catholics of Ire¬ 
land had been divided into two parties ; one of which held 
that fpiritual obedience only was due to the pope, while 
the other contended for his temporal jurifdiftion alfo. 
On the reftoration of Charles II. fome of the clergy had 
deputed Walffi, a Francifcan friar, to prefent an addrefs 
to the king, congratulating him on his acceffion, and im¬ 
ploring the benefits of the peace made with Ormond in 
1648. On this occafion Wallh drew up the Remonjlrance , 
as it was termed, of the catholic clergy of Ireland ; in 
which they acknowledged his majefty to be their fupreme 
lord and rightful fovereign, to whom they were bound to 
pay obedience and loyalty in all temporal affairs, notwith¬ 
ftanding any power, fentence, or declaration, of the pope^ 
or fee of Rome; and difclaimed “ail foreign power, papal 
or princely, fpiritual or temporal, in as much as it may 
feem able, or Ihall pretend, to free them from this obli¬ 
gation, or permit them to offer any violence to his majefty’s 
perfon and government.” Declarations fo inconfiftent 
with the maxims of the papal court foon incurred the 
cenfure of the fovereign pontiff; and, though the Remon- 
ltrance had been fublcribed by many eccleftaftics as well 
as a confiderable number of lay nobility and gentry, who 
were therefore denominated Remonftrants, yet a power¬ 
ful party was foon formed againft it under the defignation 
of Anti-remonftrants. On the arrival of lord Berkeley 
with fecret inftruftions to encourage the catholic faith, 
the latter, fupported by the influence of the pope, were 
triumphant. The Remonftrants, ejefted from their cures 
and offices, applied for relief to the chief governor, who 
refilled to interfere, or even to hear their complaints. On 
the . 
