•352 
IREL 
two thirds of the reality; fo that he fuppofes the total 
lofs to have fallen little fhort of two millions fterling. 
But this was not the worft fpecies of injury refulting to 
the community from this ill-fated Combination. The 
lofs of lives, the.fufpenfion of induftry, the obftruftion of 
commerce, and, above all, the depravation of morals, were 
fubjedts (fill more deeply to be deplored. 
The Britifh adminilfration became fenfible of the ne- 
■cefiity of appointing a chief governor, of military talents, 
of political knowledge and activity, and vetted with 
ftrong powers. Marquis Cornwallis, a nobleman uniting 
thole qualifications, was nominated to the important of¬ 
fice, and entered upon the functions of viceroy on the 
30th of June, 1798. He brought over with him a general 
pardon for tfiofe infurgents who Ihould fuhrnit, with a 
very fmall number of exceptions,. The two Sheares, 
M'Can, and Byrne, were brought to trial and execution ; 
but Oiiver Bond, though condemned, was reprieved. 
The fate of Philip Roche, executed at Wexford, was 
fecretly regretted, on account of his exertions in faving 
the lives of many proteftants. Beauchamp Bagenal Har¬ 
vey, and Cornelius Grogan, both proteftants, fullered to¬ 
gether. The latter, poifeiTed of a large eftate and great 
•wealth, had unfortunately been made prifoner by the 
rebels, who appointed him a commiflary. Naturally of a 
timid difpofition, and enfeebled by age and difeafe, he 
had been as unable to execute as to rejeft the commiffion. 
His wealth is fuppofed to have been his principal crime, 
as there is no evidence whatever to prove that he was 
p-uilty of rebellion. Singular as it may appear, this in¬ 
firm and timid man met his fate with greater fortitude 
than Harvey, who in duels had difplayed the utmoft in¬ 
trepidity, but fliowed fymptoms of fear at his execution. 
On receiving intelligence of the rejeftion of the capi¬ 
tulation of Wexford, he had fled from his manfion of 
Bargy Caftle, to a cave in the Saltee Iflands, where John 
Henry Colclough, a catholic of the moft liberal fentiments 
and aftive benevolence, had, from fimilar motives, in vain 
fought refuge. 
To prevent, as much as lay in his power, the further 
eft'ufion of blood, the new viceroy on the 20th of June, 
iiTued a proclamation directing his majefty’s generals to 
afford protection to all fuch perfons as, being Amply 
guilty of rebellion, Ihould furrender their arms and take 
the oath of allegiance to the king. An aft of amnefty to 
the fame effeft was alfo paifed by the legiflature; but 
from the benefit of this meafure were excluded James 
Napper Tandy, and about thirty more, chiefly fugitives 
in*France. The other chief leaders of the United Irifh 
•were admitted by government to a capitulation, which, 
figned by feventy-three perfons, purported that they 
ihould give all the information in their power of the 
tranfaftions of United Irifhmen, both internal and with 
foreign ftates, without implicating any particular perfon; 
that they ihould emigrate to fome country fpecified by 
mutual agreement, and give fecurity for not paffing into 
the territories of any ftate at war with Great Britain, and 
for not returning to Ireland without the permiffion of 
government. In this capitulation, Oliver Bond, though 
■under fentence of death, was included, but he died of 
apoplexy in prifon. Several aftive promoters of the Irifh 
■Union, particularly O’Connor, Emmett, Mac Nevin, and 
Nellon, gave details on oath before the fecret committees 
of both houfes of parliament, whofe reports, publifhed 
by government, contain a mafs of information concerning 
the confpiracy. But, whatever were the original terms 
of the contraft, or by whatever fubfequent events it was 
affected, fifteen of the chief confpirators were detained in 
prifon till the conclufion of the war with France. 
The rebellion was now confidered completely at an end, 
as only a remnant of the infurgents, a predatory banditti, 
who ludicroufly ftyled themfelves Baits of the Wood , con¬ 
tinued to infeft the mountains of Wicklow and Wexford, 
tvhen a fudden and unexpected alarm was excited by the 
arrival of a French armament in the bay of Killala on the 
A N D. 
33d of Auguft, <798. This expedition, which had failed 
from Rochelle on the 4th, confilted of two frigates of 
forty-four guns, and one of thirty-eight. The troops, 
amounting to noo, under the command of general Hum¬ 
bert, who had been fecond to Hoche in the abortive attempt 
at Bantry Bay, were immediately landed, after an ineffec¬ 
tual refiftance from the little garrifon of Killala. To 
compenfate, as far as poffible, by the vigour of his opera¬ 
tions, for the fmallnefe of his force, feems to have been 
the objeft of the French commander. He fent off a de¬ 
tachment to take polfeflion of Ballina, and marched him¬ 
felf towards Caftlebar, where he arrived on the morning 
of the 27th. At this place general Hutchinfon had ar¬ 
rived from Galway, and had been joined by Lake, com¬ 
mander in-chief in the weft. Their united force amounted 
to near 3000 men, with fourteen pieces of cannon ; but, 
notwithftanding their fuperiority, Humbert rel'olved to 
make if poffible an early and deep impreffion for the ex¬ 
citement of rebellion. He ordered his men to file to the 
right and left, to advance in fmall bodies under cover of 
the fmoke, and to attack the Britifh army in flank. The 
latter, though advantageoufly ported, was feized with a 
ft range panic ; the troops fhrunk from the aflault, broke 
on all fides, and fled through the town in extreme conf'u- 
flon, leaving their artillery and ammunition in the hands 
of the enemy. All attempts to rally them proved fruit- 
lefs. Their flight was continued to Tuam, which they 
reached on the night of the fame day, though thirty-eight: 
miles from the field of battle, and was renewed towards 
Athlone, where fome of the fugitives arrived after a march 
of eighty miles in twenty-feven hours. Where their 
courfe would have terminated it is impoflible to conjec¬ 
ture, had it not been flopped in the latter town by the 
arrival of the viceroy. In this difgraceful engagement 
the lofs of the French, though not fatisfaftorily Hated, is 
faid to have exceeded that of the royal troops, of whom 
53 were returned as killed, 34 wounded, and 279 prifoners 
or miffing. Moft of the latter were afterwards found to 
have deferted to the enemy. 
The force of the French had been fo much exaggerated, 
that lord Cornwallis determined to march againlt them 
in perfon. In execution of this defign he had arrived at 
Kilbeggan, where he received information of the defeat 
at Caltlebar ;• and was preparing to march from Holly- 
mount to attack the enemy in that port, when Humbert, 
on the 4th of September, commenced a rapid march to¬ 
wards Sligo, probably with a defign of approaching the 
county of Donegal, where reinforcements from France 
were expetted to make a landing. Purfued by detach¬ 
ments under colonel Crawford, generals Lake and Moore, 
and the main army under Cornwallis, Humbert found 
himfelf oppofed alfo in front. Colonel Vereker, of the 
city of Limeric militia, had marched with 330 men and 
two curricle guns to meet him ; and engaged the hostile 
troops when they had palled the town of Coloony. By a 
mutual miftake, the colonel, fuppoling himfelf engaged 
with the vanguard only of the French, prefled with ea- 
gernefs to fecure the viftory before the main body Ihould 
arrive to its aid; while Humbert, conceiving his adver- 
faries to be the vanguard of a great army, attempted only 
to repulfe, not to furround, them. After a battle of about 
an hour, in which Vereker difplayed a truly-military fpi- 
rit, he was obliged to retreat with the lofs of his artillery 
to Sligo. This oppofition - is fuppofed to have induced 
the French commander to relinquilh his defign upon that 
town. Direfting his march firlt towards the county of 
Leitrim, and afterwards towards Longford, with a view, as 
it is conjeftured, to reach Granard, where an infurreftion 
had taken place, he arrived at Ballynamuck, clofely pur¬ 
fued by the royal troops, on the 8th of September. The 
viceroy with the grand army marched to intercept him 
irt front in the way to Granard, fo that, if he had pro¬ 
ceeded, he mull inevitably have been furrounded by near 
30,000 Britilh troops. In this defperate iituation, Hum¬ 
bert drew up his forces in order of battle, and, after a 
flight 
