I R E L A N D, 
353 
flight rgftftance to the detachment under Crawford, furren- 
dered with ail his followers to Lake’s army on its appear¬ 
ance. The rebels who had joined his ltandard, and were 
excluded from quarter, fled in all directions, and were 
purfued with the (laughter of about five hundred. The 
total of Humbert’s troops were found, after their furren- 
der, to amount to no more than 844; fo that his lofs, from 
his firft landing, appears to have been ^56. 
The in fur reft ion about Granard, intended as a diver- 
flon in favour of Humbert during his march from-Caftle- 
bar, bad been fpeediiy fupprelfed. An attack made upon 
Granard, by an ill armed multitude of between two and 
three thoufand, was repulfed with confiderable (laughter 
by captain Co'ttingham at the head of two hundred yeo¬ 
men. The principal body of thefe infurgents, confilting 
chiefly of people from Weftmeath, then proceeded to a 
body of troops polled near the village of Bunbrufna; but 
a fecond defeat led to their final difperfion. In thofe 
parts of Mayo, however, where the inhabitants bad rifen 
to aflift the invaders, they ftill continued in rebellion ; 
and, notwithftanding the intelligence of the furrender of 
the French, fuch was the confidence of thefe infurgents, 
that on the 12th of September they attacked the royal 
troops (lationed at Calllebar in fuch numbers, that they 
were with difficulty repulfed. The rebel garrifon of Bal- 
lina being diflodged by the troops under general French, 
Killala was now the only poft in their occupation. The 
royal troops, amounting to 1200, advanced to afiail it in 
two columns by different roads. The rebels, about eight 
or nine hundred in number, occupied a rifing ground, 
defended by low (lone walls, clofe to the town ; but, be¬ 
ing foon driven from this poft they fled in all directions, 
and were purfued, with the (laughter of about four 
hundred. 
The little army under Humbert had been intended only 
as the vanguard of a much more formidable force ; but, 
fortunately for the interefts of Great Britain, the French 
government was extremely tardy in forwarding his ope¬ 
rations. On the 16th of September a brig from France 
arrived at the little ifle of Rutland, near the north-weft 
coaft of Donegal, and landed its crew, among whom was 
James Napper Tandy, now inverted with the rank of ge¬ 
neral of brigade in the French fervice. Being informed 
of Humbert’s fate, they foon reimbarked. At length, on 
the nth of October, the principal French armament, 
confiding of one (hip of the line, the Hoche, and eight 
frigates, with four or five thoufand foldiers on-board, ap¬ 
peared oft' the coaft of Donegal. Prevented from landing, 
purfued and overtaken by the Britifh fquadron under fir 
John Borlafe Warren, the French came reluftantly, but 
with defperate valour, to an engagement, in which the 
Hoche was captured. The frigates endeavoured toefcape, 
but fix were taken in the chace. Another French fqua¬ 
dron of three frigates, with 2000 troops, deftined to co¬ 
operate with the former, anchored in the bay of Killala, 
on the 27th of the fame month; but, on the appearance of 
fome Britiih (hips, fet fail homeward, and efcaped purfuit. 
This defeat was a death-blow to the hopes of the French, 
as well as of the Irifh rebels. Among the prifoners found 
in the Hoche was Theobald Wolf Tone, who had highly 
diftinguifhed himfelf by his aftivity and abilities in pro¬ 
moting the purpofes of the Iriftt union. He was tried by 
a court-martial at Dublin, where he made a manly de¬ 
fence, neither denying nor excufing the charge brought 
againft him, but re (ting the merits of his plea on his being 
a denizen of France, and an officer in the fervice of that 
country. His arguments, however, had little weight; he 
was fentenced to die, on which he requefted that he might 
be (hot as a foldier, inftead of being hanged as a felon-; 
but, this indulgence being denied him, he cut his throat 
in prifon, and died of the wound. With this* man the 
fpirit of rebellion might be faid to expire, for the few in¬ 
furgents who ftill continued to hold out in the mountains 
of Wicklow, under a leader of the name of Holt, laid 
• down their arms, as did Holt himfelf, who was baniftied 
Vol. XI. No. 759. 
for life. Such was the final termination of this horrible 
contelt, in which it is computed that not fewer than 30,000 
perfons loft their lives,, independently of many thoufan.ds 
who were wounded or tranfported. 
The events which had recently occurred in Ireland, 
had made many perfons of reflection, preferring the fub- 
ftantial interefts of their country to private or local ad¬ 
vantages, with for a legiflative union with Great Britain, 
This meafure occupied confiderable attention, before it. 
was firft announced in the Britiih lioufe of commons, on 
the zzd of January, 1799, by a mefiage from his majefty 
conceived in thefe words “ George R. His majefty is 
perluaded that the unremitting induftry with which our 
enemies perfevere in their avowed defign of effecting the 
feparation of Ireland from this country, cannot fail to en¬ 
gage the particular attention of parliament; and his rna- 
jefty recommends it to this houfe to confider of the moft. 
effeftual means of finally defeating this defign, by dif- 
pofing the parliaments of both kingdoms to provide, in. 
the manner which they (hall judge moft expedient, for 
fettling fuch a complete and final adjuftment as may beft 
tend to improve and perpetuate a connexion effential for 
their common fecurity, and confolidate the ftrength, pow¬ 
er, and refources, of the Britiih empire.”—The meafure 
was taken into confideration, when Mr. Pitt moved feven 
refolutions as the bafis of it, which were oppofed by Mr. 
Sheridan, who gave it as his decided opinion, that the 
fair and free approbation of parliament could never be af- 
certained while any of its members were under govern¬ 
ment influence. Thefe fentiments were profeiled by 
many other gentlemen. The intended union met with 
confiderable oppofition in the houfe of peers, and in the 
Irifh parliament alfo. In the addrefs to his majefty, the 
paragraph recommending an union was, by the latter, 
voted to be expunged, by a majority of in againft 106; 
in confequence of which, the city of Dublin, likely to be 
the greateft fufferer by fuch a meafure, was twice illumi¬ 
nated. In the houfe of peers, however, a great majority 
appeared in favour of the union; and, when it was intro¬ 
duced in form by a mefiage from the lord-lieutenant, the 
queftion was carried, after a long and interefting debate, 
by a majority of 161 againft 115. The articles of the in¬ 
tended union were tranfmitted to England by the vice¬ 
roy ; they were again fubmitted to the Britiih parliament 
on the 2d of April, 1800 ; on the 2d of July the bill re¬ 
ceived the royal affent, and the union took place on the 
ift of January, 1801. This opportunity was wifely taken 
to change the regal title, and to omit the abfurd claim to 
the kingdom of France. The monarch was now ftyied, 
Britanniarum Rex, Fidei Defenfor-, and in Englifti, “of the 
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland King, De¬ 
fender of the Faith.” 
The principal articles of the aft of union relate to the fol¬ 
lowing fubjefts : The regulations of commerce between 
the two kingdoms were not materially different from the 
propofitions of 1785. The Irifh are to have a (hare of all 
the commerce of Great Britain, with the exception of fuch 
parts of it as belong to chartered companies, and confe- 
quently not free to the inhabitants of the Britifh empire 
indiferiminately. The former laws and courts of juftice 
in Ireland are ftill retained, as alfo the court of chancery; 
and the king of Great Britain is ftill reprefented by a 
lord-lieutenant. No part of the debt contrafted by Bri¬ 
tain prior to the union is to be paid by Ireland, which 
only contributes to the expences of the empire in the ra¬ 
tio of 1 to j\. But, as this in time might prove extra¬ 
vagantly favourable to that country, in confequence of a 
rapid increafeof its trade and commerce, it maybe revifed 
and altered by parliament in the courfe of twenty years. 
The church of Ireland was incorporated wdth that of 
South Britain, in the fame manner as its legiflature. From 
the compound proportion of the population and wealth 
of Ireland to thofe of Britain, one hundred commoners 
were judged an adequate reprefentation of the former 
in the imperial parliament, two for each county, two for 
4 X each 
