r s e 
IS'CHIM, a river of Ruflia, which runs into the Irtif- 
chin in iat. 57. 4.5. N. Ion. 90. E. 
IS'CHIM, a town of Ruffia, in the government of To- 
bollk, on the river Ifchim : 300 miles eait of Ekaterin¬ 
burg, 108 South of Tobollk. Lat. 56. 10. N. Ion. 69. 
14. E. 
• ISCHIM'SKOI, a town of Ruflia, in the government 
of Tobollk, at the conflux of the Ifchim and Oby: 112 
miles eaft of Tobolfk. 
ISCHIOT'IC, adj. [from ifchias.~\ Belonging to the 
ifchias ; SubjeCl to the Sciatica ; troubled with a pain in 
the hip. 
IS'CHIUM, f. in anatomy; the hip-bone. 
ISCHOPHO'NIA,yi [from w/oe,,' Gr. flirill, and Quvn, 
a voice.] The fhrillnefs of the voice. . 
ISCHNQ'TES, f. [Greek.] A defeCt in fpeech ; a flen- 
der mincing tone. 
ISCHURET'IC, adj. [from ijchuria .] Tending to a 
fuppreflion of urine; good in a fuppreflion of urine. 
ISCHURET'IC, f . A medicine to remove a fuppreflion 
of urine. 
ISCHU'RIA, or Is'chury, f. [from tcr^u, Gr. to flop, 
and agoi>, urine.] A ftoppage of urine, whether by gravel 
or other caule. La Motte diftinguilhes between a reten¬ 
tion and a fuppreflion of urine. In the former, ftyled 
Jlravgury, the patient hath frequent calls to make water ; 
but voiding it, if at all, in very finall quantities, and 
with difficulty. In a fuppreflion there is feldom any in¬ 
clination to difcharge the urine; but, if any, the difcharge 
is fudden, and almolt involuntary. In the true ifchuria 
the bladder is full ; in the fpurious it is empty, for no¬ 
thing defcends from the kidneys. See the article Patho¬ 
logy. 
ISCOM'ACHE, a woman’s name; the wife of Piri- 
thous, who was the occafion of the war between the Cen¬ 
taurs and Lapithae. 
ISE, a river which runs into the Aller near Gifhorn 
in the principality of Luneburg. 
ISEFIO'RD, a large bay or gulf of Denmark, on the 
north coaft of the ifland of Zealand. Lat. 55. 59. N. Ion. 
of the mouth, n, 50. 50. E. 
ISELAS'TIC, adj. [from c Gr. into, and shcivvu, to 
agitate.] Belonging to the public games celebrated in 
Greece and Afia under the Roman emperors. 
ISELAS'TICS, f . A kind of games, or combats, cele¬ 
brated in Greece and Afia, in the time of the Roman em¬ 
perors. The victor at thefe games had' very confiderable 
privileges conferred on him, after the example of Au- 
guftus and the Athenians, who did the like to conquerors 
at the Olympic, Pythian, and Ifthmian, games. They 
were crowned on the fpot immediately after their victory, 
had penfions allowed them, were furnifhed with provi¬ 
sions at the public coll, and were carried in triumph to 
their country. 
IS'ELIN (James Chriftopher), an eminent philolo- 
gift and divine, was born in 1681 at Bafil, where his fa¬ 
ther was an afleflor of the court of juftice. He commenced 
his academical courfe as early as the age of thirteen, and 
at fifteen diftinguifhed himfelf by a Latin poem on The 
Paflage of the Rhine by the French, which received great 
applaufe. After making himfelf mafter of the learned 
languages, he refolved to perfeft himfelf in the French ; 
and for that purpofe palled fome time in Geneva and the 
fouthern parts of France, examining the remains of anti¬ 
quity in the latter. On his return to Bafil, he was or¬ 
dained minifier in 1701, and upon that occafion published 
a diflertation on the Babylon of the Revelations, in an- 
fwer to the bifhop of Meaux. In 1704 he accepted of 
the chair of eloquence and hiltory in the univerfity of 
Marpurg, which he occupied with great reputation for 
two years. His native city, in 1706, conferred upon him 
the polt of profeflor of hiltory and antiquities ; and in 
he was made doctor in theology, and appointed to 
teach that Science. His diflertation upon taking this de- 
I S E s S$9 
jrree was upon the canon of Scripture. He vifited Paris 
in 1717, where he was received with great refpeCt by the 
learned, and urged to make that capital his relidence ; 
but the univerfity of Bafil, by conferring on him the of¬ 
fice of reCtor, engaged him to return and fulfil Tiis duties. 
The French Academy of Inscriptions and Belies Letters 
Soon after nominated him to the place of foreign honorary 
member, vacant by the death of the learned Cuper. This 
was in part a return for the pains he had taken to com¬ 
ply with the king’s requefl: of having copies of the aCts 
of the council held at Bafil in the fifteenth century; and 
he likewiSe favoured M. 1 ’Enfant with a number of do¬ 
cuments for his hiltory of that council, and of that of 
Conltance. His poll of keeper of the public library gave 
him a facility in performing Similar oflices for many of 
the learned, with whom he maintained an extenfive cor¬ 
respondence. In thefe occupations, in writing, and in 
preaching, his time was fully employed. He died, un¬ 
married, in 1737, at the age of fifty-fix; and his memory 
was honoured by a great number of eulogies in Latin 
and German. The works of M. Ifelin confilt of orations, 
diflertations, and detached tracts on a variety of Subjects, 
philological, theological, and miscellaneous. Morcri. 
IS'ELIN (Ifaac, LL. D.) a celebrated philofopher and 
writer, was born at Bafil in 1728. His father, who was 
engaged in mercantile concerns, being abfent on bufinefs, 
he was educated under the care of a prudent mother, but 
with rather too much indulgence, in confequence of 
which his character was afterwards marked by a kind of 
timidity. He received his academical education at Got¬ 
tingen, where he Itudied jurisprudence and llatiltics un¬ 
der Schmaus, Bohmer, and Kahle. Schmaus excited in 
him the idea of reducing the jurisprudence of the Swils 
confederation into a fyitem, of which he publilhed a Spe¬ 
cimen in his thefis, when he obtained the degree of doc¬ 
tor, under the title of Tentamen Juris publici Helvetic/. As 
Soon as he had completed his academic Itudies, he under¬ 
took a tour to Paris, where he frequented the royal li¬ 
brary, and made himlelf acquainted with the molt eminent 
men of letters in that capital. After his return, he ap¬ 
plied with great diligence to the ftudy of jurisprudence, 
and reSolved to examine the Roman law according to 
philosophical principles. His favourite purfuits were 
philoSophy and hiltory. He collected alfo, and read with 
great care, original documents, in order to complete his 
work on the jurisprudence of the confederation; but thele 
labours were Suddenly interrupted in 1754, being at that 
time excluded by ballot, as was too often the cafe at Bafil, 
from the hiftorical chair. He was elected, however, a 
member of the grand council, and in 1756 was appointed 
to the important office of Secretary. Soon after, he wrote 
the Dream of a Friend to Mankind, a work which has 
been often reprinted, and with many additions. Reflect¬ 
ing on the thin population of Bafle, he Itrongly recom¬ 
mended the admiflion of new citizens, and publilhed a 
work entitled Free Thoughts on the Depopulation of my 
native City; Berne, 1758, 8vo. He exerted himfelf alfo 
with great zeal, in the Society eltablilhed for encouraging 
agriculture, to promote the happinefs of his fellow-citi¬ 
zens ; and wrote Several treatifes, all of which had for 
their objeCt the good of his country. Kis belt and molt 
important production was his Hiltory of Mankind, on 
which he had been employed at a very early period of life. 
In this he traces out the progrefs of the human mind 
from rudenefs to refinement, and fliows in what manner 
nations have emerged from obfeurity, and been completely 
civilized by the introduction of arts and manufactures. 
His lalt work was his Ephemerides of Mankind, a perio¬ 
dical publication, which contains eflays, extracts from 
laws and ordinances, information refpeCting the enterprises 
of great and of Small ftates, eltablifhments for education 
and promoting virtue, and every thing that tends to ac¬ 
celerate the progrefs of improvement. But, while Ifelin 
Ihowed So much attachment to the general good of the 
human 
