K A 
wholes ; for nothing elfe is conceivable, therefore much 
lets know-able; for experience confifts entirely of thefe 
relations ; and here likewife no other cafe is pofiible. 
LajUy, with refpeCt to Modality, things may either be in 
any time, that is, merely poflible ; or in a certain time, that 
is, aCtual, or they may be in all time, and to be deftroyed 
only with the deltruCtion of time ; then they are necejfary. 
Of this nature are the Categories themlelves; for without 
them there could not poflibly be any experience whatever. 
.Put all this is fully demonflrated in the “Critic of pure 
Reafon ,” to which the above hints may ferve as a clue. 
As the Categories are modes of connecting in general, 
it follows that the molt general Variety, which is Time, 
mult firft be connected by them. The determination of 
Tifne by the pure Intellect produces a fpecies of notions 
which, keep the middle betw’een the Categories and Intui¬ 
tions, and make an application of the Categories to Intui¬ 
tion poflible. They are termed the Schemata of the Ca¬ 
tegories, which are the primary fountains of all fliapes or 
figures in Time and Space. Their ufe is to bring a va¬ 
riety of Intuitions under a few heads, and thus to facili¬ 
tate our progrefs in Knowledge. They are the only 
means to give the Categories any fignification, and there- 
foie confine the ufe of the Intellect to the field of experi¬ 
ence. The Schema of a Category is no picture of any 
thing; but, being the fynthefis of Time, agreeably to a 
fynthetical rule exprefled in a Category, and all concep¬ 
tion of figure arifing by a fynthefis of Time ; it follows, 
that our conceptions of figures and pictures originate in 
the fchematifm of the pure intellect. For inftance, the 
conception of a Triangle in general, which can exift only 
in our thoughts, fmce it comprehends all fpecies of 
Triangles, and abftraCls from the neceffary determination 
of a particular Triangle. It originates only in the Schema 
of a Category ; exprelfes merely a Rule of Synthefs in Time 
contained in a Category, and can have no-where any exaCt 
picture correfponding to it.—The Schemata may in the 
order of the Categories be explained as follows : 
Firft, The Categories of Quantity have only one Schema, 
which is the conception of Number in General, and com¬ 
prehends all poflible Numbers, i. e. one, many, and all; 
and is a fynthefis of time itfelf. Secondly, Tkofe of 
Quality have likewife only one Schema, which is the Con¬ 
ception of a Degree in General, which exprelfes the quan¬ 
tity of Being in Time, and is the fynthefis of Senfations 
in Time. Thirdly, The Categories of Relation have three 
Schemata. That of Subftance is the Conception of Perdu- 
rability in Time. All that is in Time changes, but Time 
itfelf does not change. The properties of a Subftance are 
in Time, and in a conftant ftate of change ; the Subftance 
itfelf is not in Time, for it is Category, and confequently 
cannot be afi'eCted by the properties of Time. We mult 
therefore fay, of the futjiance itfelf, that it lafls in time. The 
Schema of the Category of Caufe and EffeCt is the Con¬ 
ception of a regular l'ucceflion of Realities in time, accord¬ 
ing to a Rule of Intellect, that is, a Determinate Succeffon. 
This fpecies of connection of the Intellect makes foine of 
the realities in time to follow upon fome other realities, 
agreeably to the laws of its conftitution. The Schema of 
the Category, ACtion and Re-aCtion, is the conception of 
an affemblage of Subftances mutually determining each 
other’s place in fpace ; that is, a Determinate Co-exijlcnce. 
Fourthly, The Categories of Modality have three Schemata. 
That of Pofiibiiity is a Conception which exhibits- the. 
N T. 611 
fynthefis of many conceptions, as agreeing with the general 
laws of time, or the being in any time; that is, Conceiva- 
blenefs and its Laws. The Schema of Exiltence is a Con¬ 
ception which contains an aft that has really taken place, 
and a variety in time that lias really been connected by 
this aft. It is a conception of a particular reality extfling 
in a determinate time. The Schema of Neceflity is a Concep¬ 
tion implying a fynthefis of the intellect, which begets an 
Idea of fomething exijling at all times, and which can only 
be deftroyed with the deltruftion of Time. 
Thus a Category combined with Time alone is a Schema ; 
but, if it is alio combined with Space, it is an Image. If 
this includes the Senfation, it then becomes an Object. 
An Image is a pure intuition, an Objeft is an empirical in¬ 
tuition. The begetting pure intuitions is mathematical 
conltr-uCtion ; the begetting empirical intuitions is con- 
f rutting nature, or giving a form to the received matter. 
All pkiiofophical conceptions reft noon Schemata that do 
not proceed to fpace, but have time only for their fenfible 
form, e. g. the caufe precedes; the effect fucceeds. A 
fcherna is the primitive contatt of the form of Underfianding 
with the form of Safe, and is the firft Itep towards fenlua- 
lizing pure conception ; the fecond is the producing the 
Image in determinate but pure fpace ; the third and lall is 
the producing the ebjett by an external perception, which 
includes fenfation, or the affection of the receptivity. 
Table of the Schemata of the Categories; 
Or, the mojl general Conceptions that can be formed by the 
Underfianding. 
i. Of Quantity. 
Number, or fynthefis of mere time. 
z. Of Quality. 
Degree, or fynthefis of the fenfations in time, 
3. Of Relation of fenfations in time, 
1. Perdurability. 
2. Determinate fucceflior.. 
3. Determinate co-exiftence. 
4. Of Modality, or how a thing belongs to time. 
1. Conceivablenefs, or being in any time. 
2. Being in a certain time. 
3. Being in all time. 
Thefe Schemata are the moll general conceptions that can- 
be formed by the underfianding, becaufe they contain the 
pure fynthefis of the Categories with time, or the general 
form of all intuitions; they as it were melt the Categories 
and Intuitions together, and confine the pure intellect to 
objects of Intuitive Knowledge, that is, to the field of ex¬ 
perience; fo that it is in vain to expeCt from the pure in¬ 
tellect any knowledge of immaterial exiltences. " 
The Categories are the moll general forms of the Con¬ 
ceptions of Nature. The Schemata the molt general con¬ 
ceptions of natural objects ; and the judgments into which 
the Schemata may be refolved contain the moft general 
laws of nature. 
The laws of Nature depend entirely upon our faculties ;• 
they lie in the Mind in the Schematifm of the pure intel¬ 
lect. For we know nothing of the things in themfelves, but 
only how we are affeCted by them ; that is, they produce 
fenfations in 11s which we arrange according to the nature 
and conftitution of our faculties, by which we form 
Worlds. They may be arranged under the, following 
Titles, 
Axioms 
of 
2. Intuition, 
Anticipation 
of 
Apprehenfion, 4. 
Poilulates 
of 
Experimental Reafomn-g, 
3 - 
Analogies 
Experience. 
The 
