IC E I 
ration laid down by Sanctorius. In a paper of the Phil. 
Tranf. No. 361, he makes objections againft Dr. Jurin's 
calculation of the force of the heart. This ingenious phy- 
fician was carried off by a cancer in the mouth, in 1719. 
Haller!. Bibl. Anatom. 
KEILLESAY', one of the fmaller Weftern Ifiands of 
Scotland: three miles north-eaft of Barray Iiland. Lat. 
57. a. N. Ion. 7.23. W. 
KE'IM HO'TUN, a town of Chinefe Tartary, in the 
government of Kirin: 550 miles eaft-north-eali of Peking. 
Lat. 44. A5.N Ion. 129. 24. E. 
KEIN'TON. SeeKiNETON. 
KEFRAN, the Per Han and Arabic name for the planet 
•Saturn, according to Salmafius. 
KEI'RI, f. in botany. See Ciieiranthus and Ery¬ 
simum. 
KEIR'IOG, ariverof Wales, which rifes in Merioneth- 
fhire, and runs into the Severn four miles weft of Ellef- 
inere in Shropfhire. 
KEIRLEB'ERUS (John George), born at Wiirtemberg, 
was at once a philofopher, poet, and mufician. In 1691, 
he compofed, for the birth-day of the emperor Jofeph I. a 
Latin poem, which he fet to mufic in a perpetual canon 
of fixteen vocal parts, and fifteen violin accompaniments, 
in a different melody; a piece of pedantry much admired 
by profeffors and deep dilettanti at the latter end of the 
17th century. He afterwards compofed another perpetual 
canon in eight parts, fo'ur viol da gambas, two counter¬ 
tenors, and two tenors, with feveral other various and 
complicated contrivances, much admired at that time. 
KEIS BAY, or Sinclair’s Bay, a bay on the eaft 
coaft of Scotland, in the county of Caithnefs. Lat. 58. 
2.8. N. Ion. 2. 58. W. 
KEI'SER (Reinhard), an eminent German compofer 
• of mufic, was born in 1673, at Weiffenfels in Saxony, and 
very early in his profefiional career appointed maeftro di 
capella to- the duke of Mecklenburg. His firft attempt at 
dramatic mufic was a paltorhl, called Ifmena, which he fet 
in his twentieth year; and the year following he com¬ 
pofed his opera of Bafilius, which was performed in the 
theatre at Hamburgh with very great applaufe; and he con¬ 
tinued writing for that ftage till the year 1739. He was 
educated at Leipfic, where he was entered of that univer- 
fity. He began to ftudy mufic in that city, but was chiefly 
his own matter, forming himfelf upon the Italian fchool, 
by Studying the beft productions of that country. His fe- 
cond opera for Hamburgh, Adonis, eftablilhed him in the 
favour of that city for the reft of his life. His operas, in 
Hamburgh alone, amounted to 118. Befides his dramatic 
productions, he .compofed divertimenti, ferenate, and canta¬ 
tas , innumerable. 
KEI'SER’s RIV'ER, a river of Africa, at the Cape of 
Good Hope, which defcends from Table mountain. 
KEISH. See Kas. 
KEISKAM'MA, a river of Africa, which runs into the 
Indian Sea in lat. 32.40. S. 
KEITH (James), a diftinguiftied general, was born at 
Fetereffo, in the fherilfdom of Kincardine, in North Bri¬ 
tain, on the 25th of June, 1696. He was the younger fon 
of William Keith, earl marfbnl of Scotland, by lady Mary 
Drummond, daughter to the earl of Perth, lord high chan¬ 
cellor of Scotland in the reign of king James the Second. 
The family of Keith is reckoned among the molt ancient 
and noble of any in Scotland, and perhaps yields to none 
in Europe. The arms borne by that family were ta¬ 
ken from a circumftance which has been related under the 
article Heraldry, vol. ix. p. 412. As a reward for the 
many fervices done by the family, James II. of Scotland, 
in the year 1455, promoted Robert Keith to the title of 
Earl Marjhal of that kingdom. The feveral noble lords 
defcended from him have intermarried with the Campbels, 
Douglafes, Hays, and Hamiltons, fome of the greateft fa¬ 
milies in Scotland; and have been connected with the 
blood royal. It mutt be remembered likewife that marlhal 
Vol. XI. No. 784. 
K E r 65 3 
Keith was, by the mother’s fide, remotely allied in blood 
to molt of the kings in Europe. 
Born with all the endowments of a great mind, young 
Keith was trained up in a manner mo ft proper for. the 
improvement of his talents. His diet was plain, and his 
apparel homely. At fclioo! he was not ufed with any par¬ 
tial delicacy in refpeft of his rank; but was treated in 
common with other children of the fame age. He gene¬ 
rally went bare-headed, and ufed to climb up among rocks 
and woods to the top of the higheft mountains, agreeable 
to the cuftom of the country, and the fpirit of thole times. 
This method of education was certainly well adapted to 
render him hardy, and prepare him for that military life 
to which his choice afterwards difpofed him. While the 
marlhal however fecured a vigorous conftitution by this 
coarfe method of living, his friends were not inattentive to 
the cultivation of his mind. He was firft put under the in- 
ftrudlion of Mr. Thomas Ruddiman, then fchool-mafter of 
Fetereflo, and author of the Rudiments ~snd Grammar 
which go by his name. After he had been fome time un¬ 
der this gentleman’s tuition, he was lent to the College of 
Aberdeen, which was founded by one of his ancettora, and 
put under the care of Mr. Robert Keith, generally known 
by the name of bifiiop Keith, who wrote the Hiftory of 
the Affairs of Church and State in Scotland from the time 
of king James the Fifth to the death of Queen Mary, with 
other literary performances. But the perfon to whom the 
honour was configned of completing the marlhal’s educa¬ 
tion, was Mr. William Melton, who was afterwards one 
of the regents of the Marefchal College of Aberdeen: a 
man well known and celebrated for that peculiar vein of 
wit and humour, which he difplayed in feveral poetical 
pieces in the Hudibraftic ftyle, but particularly in his poem 
intitled 'The Knight. 
James Keith was intended for the profeflion of the law; 
but, being left at liberty to purfue his natural bias, he took 
to the fvvord, and it was not long before he found occa- 
fion to draw it. The rebellion breaking out in the year 
1715, his mother the countefs, who was a bigotted Roman 
catholic, perfuaded the lord marlhal, his elder brother, to 
inlift in the pretender’s party. Mr. Keith, who was then 
nineteen years of age, took this opportunity of accompa¬ 
nying his brother to the battle of Sheriffmuir. The rebel 
army being defeated, Mr. Keith embarked, together with 
the pretender and fome others of diftinflion^in a finall 
iloop which took them in at Montrofe. Under favour of 
a dark night, notwitliftanding two men of war lay off the 
mouth of the harbour, they efcaped, and were landed fafe- 
ly in France. There Mr. Keith was liberally fuppliecl 
with remittances from the countefs his mother, which ena¬ 
bled him to apply clofely to thofe branches of education 
which were moft neceffary to accomplifli one whom nature 
had formed for war. He ftudied mathematics under M. 
de Maupertuis ; and made fucha rapid progrefs in the ufe- 
ful parts of geometry, but particularly in fortification, 
gunnery, architecture, and the art of drawing the plans 
of towns, that he was, by the recommendation of M. de 
Maupertuis, admitted a fellow of the royal academy of 
fciences at Paris. He then travelled through feveral parts 
of Europe, and at length accompanied his elder brother 
to Spain, and there ferved ten years in the Irifh brigades. 
He then went to Rufiia, with the duke of Lina, ambafia- 
dor to the court of Peterfburg, who recommended him 
to the czarina. In her fervice he was railed to the,rank 
of brigadier-general, and foon after to that of lieutenant- 
general. He fignalized his courage in all the aftions of 
the war between the Ruffians and Turks during that reign, 
and was the firft who mounted the breach at the capture 
of Otchakof. In the war between the Swedes and Ruf¬ 
fians, he commanded in Finland; and to him was owing 
the victory at Wilmanftrand, and the expullion of the 
Swedes from the ifles of Aland. He had likewife a (hare 
in the revolution which placed the princefs Elizabeth 
upon the throne of Ruflia. At the peace of Abo, in 1743, 
8 D lie 
