KEN 
ers being from two and a half to fix inches In thlcknefs. 
Between each layer of ftone is a ftratum of earth from' 
three to fix inches in thicknefs, and of various kinds, in- 
creafing in denfity as they defcend. At about eight or 
ten feet below the furface, the ftratum of earth is a blue 
ftrong loam or marl, but does not much effervefce in vi¬ 
negar. Great quantities of this ftone are raifed, and fent 
to confiderable diftances for paving rooms and walks, and 
for grave-ftones. If fuffered to be thoroughly dry before 
they are put up, they ftand the froft without fcaling for 
many years. The layers of this ftone are fo fmooth, that 
they require little labour; but will not receive a good po- 
lifh. They are commonly raifed from ten to thirty feet 
in length, and often twelve or fifteen wide. One was 
lately raifed upwards of forty feet in length, and fo wide 
that it contained five hundred fuperficial feet. 
KENTSHIAN 7 , a mountain of Thibet: three miles 
eaft of Sarangpour. 
KENTUCKY, a river of United America, which rifes 
in the ftate to which it gives name, about eighteen miles 
to the north-weft of the Laurel Mountains, by one branch, 
called the North Fork , in lat. 37.5.N. Ion. 82.40. W. 
Another branch, called the South. Fork, rifes about forty- 
five miles to the weft of the North Fork ; and a third 
branch called the Middle Fork, rifes between the other two; 
all unite together near Franklinville; and the united 
ftreain, taking a north-weft courfe, empties itfelf into the 
Ohio in lat. 38. 35. N. Ion. 85. 30. W. — Little Kentucky 
River is twenty-five yards wide, and three miles weft of 
Kentucky river. 
KENTUCK'Y, one of the United States of America, 
bounded on the north and north-weft by the Ohio, on the 
caft by Virginia, on the fouth by the Tenneffee ftate, and 
on the weft by the Miffiffippi; about 3 90 miles long from eaft 
to weft ; the northern boundaries are very irregular, varying 
according to the windings of the Ohio ; in fome places 
it is 150 miles wide from north to fouth, in others about 
70 ; and towards the weftern extremity, before the Ohio 
joins the Miffiflippi, for about 40 miles, it is fcarcely 20 
miles wide. This country was formerly part of Virginia, 
but formed into an independent ftate in the year 1792. 
See the article America, vol. i. p. 432. It is divided into 
forty-two counties. The foil is reprefented as exceedingly 
fertile, and the climate temperate and healthy ; fnow fel- 
dom falls, and the w’inter never continues above three 
months, feldom above two. The country abounds in ri¬ 
vers, and is in general well furnilhed with timber. Among 
the trees are found the oak, locuft, poplar, beech, fugar- 
maple, coffee-tree; papaw or cucumber-tree, fo called 
from its fruit, which refembles the cucumber in fize and 
fhape; black mulberry, wild cherry, mangola, and a great 
variety of others. Iron, lead, fulphur, alum, fait, and 
copperas, are found in different places ; and feveral medi¬ 
cinal fprings. Among the native animals, the principal 
is the bifon, with fome deer, panthers, wolves, elks, bears, 
foxes, beavers, fquirrels, racoons, &c. other quadrupeds 
have been introduced by the fettlers, fuch as horfes, cows, 
hogs, and fheep. This country was purchafed by the 
ftate of Virginia of the Indians, in the year 1775; fince 
which it has been improved and cultivated almoft beyond 
example, and contains many confiderable towns, the prin¬ 
cipal of which are Lexington and Wafhington. In the 
year 1810, the number of inhabitants was 406,511. The 
principal rivers are the Ohio, Licking, Red River, Ken¬ 
tucky, Elkhorn, Dick’s River, Salt River, Green River, 
Cumberland, and Kanhaway ; all which abound in fifh, 
and are navigable for boats almoft to their fources. By 
the conftitution of this ftate, the government is veiled in 
a governor, a fenate of 24 members, and a houfe of reprefen- 
tatives of 62. The declaration of rights afferts the civil 
equality of all; their right to alter the government at any 
time; liberty of confidence ; freedom of elections, and of 
the prefs ; trial by jury ; the fubordination of the military 
to the civil power ; the rights of criminals to be heard in 
their own defence ; the right of the people to petition for 
SC E N 675 
the redrefs of grievances, to bear arms, and to emigrate 
from the ftate. It prohibits unreafonable fearches and fei~ 
zures; exceffive bail; confinement of debtors, unlefis there 
be prefumption of fraud ; fufpenfion of habeas corpus- 
writ, unlefs in rebellion or invafion; ex poll fado laws; 
attainder by the legillature ; handing armies; titles of no¬ 
bility, and hereditary diftinclion. 
The following particulars relative to this ftate are col¬ 
lected from the Travels of Dr. T. A. Michaud, under¬ 
taken by order of the French government in 1802. “Till 
the year 1782, the whole province could not boalt of more 
than three thoufand inhabitants; but, in the courfe of 
twenty years, the number amounted to 225,000. [We 
have already ftated its wonderful increafe in the laft ten 
years.] Thus, in this ftate, where it would be difficult 
to find ten individuals of twenty-five years of age who 
were born in it, the number of the inhabitants is already 
as large as in feven of the old ftates: and there are only 
four of which the population is twice as numerous. The 
inhabitants of Kentucky are almoft all originally from 
Virginia, and particularly from the molt remote parts of 
that ftate, and, with the exception of the lawyers, phyfi- 
cians, and a few of the citizens, who have received an 
education fuitable to their profelfions, in the towns on the 
Atlantic, retain the manners of the Virginians. With 
them, a paffion for gaming and fpirituous liquors is car¬ 
ried to excels, and languinary confiifls are frequently the 
confequence. They meet often at the taverns, particu¬ 
larly during the feffion of the courts of juftice, when they 
pafs whole days there. Horfes and the law-fuits are the 
ufual fubjeCls of their converfation. If a traveller arrives, 
his horfie is valued as loon as they can perceive him. If 
he Hops, they offer him a glafs of vvhilky, and a multitude 
of queftions follow. Where did you come from ? Where 
are you going to ? What is your name ? Where do you 
refide ? Your profeffion? Have the inhabitants of the 
country you have paffed through any fevers? &c. Thefe 
queftions, which are repeated a thoufand times, in the 
courfe of a long journey, at length become tirefome ; but, 
with a little addrefs, itiseafy to Hop them. Befides, they 
have no other motive for them but that curiolity which is 
fo natural to perfons living retired, in the midlt of woods, 
who fcarcely ever fee a ftranger : they are never dictated 
by miftruft : for, from whatever part of the world a 
ftranger comes to the United States, he may enter all the 
fea-ports and principal towns, remain in them, or travel, 
as long as he pleafes, through every part of the country, 
without any public officer inquiring who he is, or what 
are his inducements for coming there. The inhabitants of 
Kentucky are very willing to give Itrangersthe information 
they require refpedting the country in which they refide, and 
which they conlider as the bell part of the United States; 
as that in which the foil is molt fertile, the climate moll 
falubrious, and where all who have come to fettle were led 
by the love of liberty and independence. In their houles 
they are decent and hofpitable ; wherefore, in the courfe 
of my journey, I preferred lodging with them, rather than 
in the taverns, where the accommodation is frequently 
worfe, and much dearer. The women feldom interfere in 
the labours of the field ; they remain at home, affuluoully 
engaged with the cares of the houfe, or employed in fipin- 
ning hemp or cotton, which they afterwards make into 
cloth for the ufe of the family. This work alone is con¬ 
fiderable, for there are few lioufes in which there are not 
four or five children. 
“ Among the different feels which exift in Kentucky, 
thofe of the methodilts and anabaptifts are the moll nu¬ 
merous. The religious fpirit has, within feven or eight 
years, acquired a new degree of ftrength here; for inde¬ 
pendently of the Sundays, which are fcrupuloufly obferved, 
they meet, during the fiummer, in the courfe of the week, 
to hear fermons, which laft for feveral days in fucceffion. 
Thefe meetings, which often confift of two or three thou¬ 
fand perfons, who come from ten or twelve miles round, 
take place in the woods. Each brings his own provifions, 
and 
