724 KIN 
pulation. This mofs, which originally covered about two 
thoufand acres, fifteen hundred of which belong to the 
eftate of Blair Drummond, is diftant about a mile from 
the river Teith ; and is, in its higher parts, from fix to 
twelve feet deep ; in its lower, about three. It repofes 
upon a tnafs of clay, compofed of different layers of a 
grey, red, and blue, colour, uncommonly favourable to 
vegetation ; but, before this can be rendered ufeful, it is 
neceffary, after ridding it of the mofs, to remove the roots 
of a number of large oak and birch trees, and frequently 
the trees themfelves, which are fpread over its furface ; 
the remnant of an extenfive foreft, whence the ancient 
Britons annoyed the Romans on their invafion of this 
country ; and which the latter in confequence found it 
neceffary to cut down. Prior to the year 1767, when the 
late lord Karnes entered on the poffelfion of the eftate of 
Blair Drummond, many attempts had been made to im¬ 
prove this mofs, bytheufual methods of paring, burning, 
trenching, and draining ; but in vain. His lordfhip, there¬ 
fore, directed his exertions to the acquifition of the valuable 
foil beneath. This, however, after many expedients, feemed 
to be impracticable, till.fome agent could be found, fuf- 
ficiently powerful to fweep off the whole body of the mofs. 
With this view, his lordfhip, and after him Mr. Drum¬ 
mond his fon and fucceffor, applied the waters of an ad¬ 
joining rivulet. But, though fome acres were thus gained, 
the inlufficiency of water, combined with other obftacles 
which were continually prefenting themfelves, feemed to 
preclude all hope of folid advantage. At length, in 1787, 
a Mr. Meikle of Alloa, an ingenious mechanic, prefented 
to Mr. Drummond a model of a wheel of his own inven¬ 
tion, with which fixty hogiheadsof water could be raifed 
from the Teith in a minute. The model was approved, 
and the wheel, having foon after been ereded by Mr. 
Dru mmond, has fo far anfwered the end, as to have en¬ 
abled him to clear three hundred and fixty acres of molt 
excellent land, yielding exuberant crops of wheat, barley, 
oats, and clover. If, therefore, it be a juft obfervation, 
“ that the man who makes two blades of grafs, and two 
ears of corn, grow, where one only grew before, deferves 
to be ranked among the behefaftors of mankind,” what 
does not this country ewe to the late lord Kamesand to Mr. 
Drummond, who have thus, at a great expence, converted 
a barren wafte into a fruitful valley, and made the heart 
of the hufbandman fing for joy ? On the ground thus 
cleared, Mr. Drummond has eftabliffied a colony, the va¬ 
lue and importance of which may be appreciated by the 
following ftatement: 
Number of acres gained - - - - - 360 
• -men, women, and children - 764 
• -horfes and carts - - - - 54 
---COWS ------ - 201 
• -brick houfes - - - - 102 
Actuated by a regard for the education and morals of this 
infant eftablifhment, which he perceived were likely to be 
endangered by its remote fituation from the parifh-lchool, 
Mr. Drummond lately applied for the aid of the Society 
for Propagating Chriitian Knowledge in the Highlands of 
Scotland ; who, though obliged by the letter of their re¬ 
gulations to confine their inltitutions to the Highlands, 
juftly confidered, that, as nearly all the inhabitants of the 
mofs were Highlanders, it was not departing from thefpi- 
rit of thefe regulations to eftablilh a fchool-mafter on the 
mofs. One was accordingly appointed, who, befides a 
faiary of ten pounds from the fociety, receives ten pounds 
from the benevolent and patriotic proprietor. 
KINCAR'DINE, a village of Scotland, and formerly 
capital of the county to which it gives name. In the 
reign of James VI. the courts were removed to Stoneha¬ 
ven. The inhabitants, in 1793, were only feventy-three: 
nine miles fouth-weft of Stonehaven. 
KINCAR'DINE O’NE'IL, a town of Scotland, in the 
county of Aberdeen : twenty miles weft of Aberdeen, and 
twenty-two north of Montrofe. 
K I N 
KINCAR'DINESHIRE, or Mearns-shire, a county 
of Scotland, bounded on the north by Aberdeenfhire, on 
the eaft by the German ocean, and on the fouth-weft by 
Angus or Forfarlhire. In form it refembles a harp, hav¬ 
ing the lower point towards the fouth. Its length along 
the coaft is about thirty miles ; its greateft about twenty. 
Various opinions have been held concerning the deriva¬ 
tion of the word Mcarns ; but the other name is taken from 
its ancient capital, Kincardine, now an inconfiderable vil¬ 
lage. The traft of country through which the Dee paffes, 
and the plain along the fea-coaft, are well cultivated, and 
produce much corn and flax. The fields are in many 
places fkreened by woods ; and the heaths afford t'heep- 
walks, and much good pafture for cattle. But the molt 
extenfive traft under cultivation, is what is called the how, 
or hollow , of the Mearns. This trail forms part of Strath¬ 
more, or the great vale which runs from Stonehaven in 
the north-eaft to Argylefnire in the fouth-weft, nearly 
acrofs the kingdom. The village of Fordun, or Fordoun, 
a little fouth from the centre of the county, is fuppofed 
to be the birth-place of the celebrated author of the Scoti- 
chronicon. See Fordoun. In the church-yard of For¬ 
dun is fhown what is laid to be the tomb of St. Palladius, 
aim all plain building, which from its appearance is com¬ 
paratively of modern date. Near the village, and along 
the river Bervie, the country is flat and well cultivated. 
The fmall town of Inverbervie was made a royal borough 
by David Bruce, who landed with his queen at Craig Da¬ 
vid, near this, after his long retreat into France. Near the 
village of Fettercairn are llill feen lome veftiges of a caf- 
tle laid to have been the refidence of Finella, daughter of 
a nobleman of large poffeflions in this country, or, as 
Major calls her, countefs of Angus, who was acceffory to 
the murder of Kenneth II. About two miles from this 
place, on the road-fide, is a cairn of a Itupendous fize and 
uncommon form, which probably might give name to the 
parifii. The north-weft part of the fliire, being moun¬ 
tainous, is more employed in pafture than in cultivation. 
The principal mountains are Montbattock, and Cioch-na- 
bean : the former is the highell in the county ; the latter 
is remarkable, as the name imports, for a huge detached 
rock near its fummit. On the coaft are feveral conveni¬ 
ent harbours, and the county is watered by feveral rivers. 
The principal towns are Bervie and Stonehaven. In 1801, 
the number of inhabitants was 26,349 » of whom 6023 
were employed in trade and manufailures, and 7924 in 
agriculture. 
KIN'CHA, a river of Alia, which rifes in Thibet, 
paffes through the Chinefe province of Se-tchuen, and en¬ 
ters the province of Hou-quang, where it changes its 
name to Yang-tfe ; after which it erodes the province of 
Kiang-nan, and runs into the lea in lat. 31. 55. N. Ion. 
112. 44. E. 
KINCQO'PY, a fmall fort of Hindooftan, in Myfore. 
In 1791 it was taken by the Mahrattas : eighteen miles 
north-eaft of Chitteldroog. 
KIND, adj. [from tynne, Sax. relation.] Benevolent; 
filled with general good will: 
By the kind gods, ’tis moft ignobly done 
To pluck me by the beard. Shakefpeare's King Lear. 
Favourable ; beneficent.—He is kind to the unthankful 
and evil. Luke vi. 35. 
KIND , f [cynne, Sax.] Race; generical clafs.— Kind 
in Teutonic Englilh anfwers to genus, and fort to fpecies; 
though this diltinClion, in popular language, is not al¬ 
ways obferved. Johnfon. —Thus far we have endeavoured 
in part to open of what nature and force laws are, accord¬ 
ing to their kinds. Hooker. 
That both are animalia, 
I grant; but not rationalia; 
For, though they do agree in kind, 
Specific difference we find. Hudibras. 
Particular nature,—No human laws are exempt from 
faults. 
