750 K I N 
K I N 
an improvement, but many are of opinion it had a more 
pleafing effefl before the alteration. Lord Cranley has 
extended and improved his park by the addition of feve- 
ral fields. The lawn before his houfe was fo full of trees 
towards the centre as to refernble a wood, but the num¬ 
ber of them is now conliderably leffened. The houfe is 
elegantly furnilhed, and has a very handfome library. 
Ember-court is now the feat of colonel Taylor. 
Hatn-houfe, one mile and a half north from Kingfton, 
the feat of the earl of Dyfart, is fituate on the Thames, 
being built in 1610, and intended, it is faid, for the refi¬ 
dence, of Henry prince of Wales. Charles II. granted it 
to the duke and duchefs of Lauderdale, and to the heirs 
of the latter by her firft hufband, fir Lionel Tollemache, 
bart. This lady was one of the two daughters and co- 
heireffes of William Murray, earl of Dyfart, which title 
was granted to lierfelf and heirs by Charles II. The great 
John duke of Argyle, her grandl'on, and his brother and 
Cucceffor Archibald, were born in this houfe. It then 
underwent confiderable alterations, and now remains 
a curious fpecimen of a manfion of that age. The ceil¬ 
ings are painted by Verrio, and the rooms are ornamented 
with that maffy magnificence of decoration then in fafhion. 
The furniture is very rich; and even the bellows and 
brufties, in fome of the apartments, are of folid filver or of 
filigree. In the centre of the houfe is a large hall, fur- 
rounded by an open gallery. The baluftrades of the grand 
ftaircafe, which is remarkably fpaciousand fubftantial, are 
of walnut-tree, and ornamented with military trophies. 
On the weft fide of the houfe is a gallery, ninety-two feet 
in length, hung with portraits. Ham-boufe contains fome 
fine pictures by the old mailers, among which the works 
of Vandervelde and Wouvermans are the molt confpi- 
cuous. The connoiffeur in painting would here find ma¬ 
terials for the gratification of his curiofity. 
Ham Common is a village between Kingfton and Peter- 
fiiam, one mile and a half north from Kingfton, to which 
it is a hamlet. Here is the villa of the earl of Bucking- 
hamfhire ; and in the houfe, now the refidence of lady 
Douglas, lived the duchefs of Queenlbury, the celebrated 
patronefs of Gay. On Ham-common are alfo the refi- 
dences of general Forbes, lord Kerry, lady Rowley, lord 
Torrington, &c. and in Ham-lane are the feats of major 
Hook, fir W. Parker, Jofeph Bradley, Thomas Moftyn, 
and Henry Cowper, efquires. The affemblage of gentle¬ 
men’s houfes enriches and diverfifies the furrounding 
feenery. 
Peterlham, about two miles from Kingfton, and nine 
miles and a half fouth-weft from London, is fituate on the 
Thames, in the midft of beautify! feenery. The church 
was a chapel of eafe to Kingfton till 1769, when, by a6l 
of parliament, this parifh and Kew became one vicarage. 
Here ftood a feat, built by Lawrence earl of Rochefter, lord 
trealnrer in the reign of James II. It was burnt down in 
1720 ; and the noble furniture, curious paintings, and in- 
eftimable library and manuferipts of the great earl of Cla¬ 
rendon, were deftroyed. On the fite of this houfe, Wil¬ 
liam, firll earl of Harrington, erefted another, after one of 
the earl of Burlington’s defigns. On the death of the late 
earl, it was fold to lord Camelford, of whom the duke of 
Clarence bought it in 1790. It was fold, in 1794, to co¬ 
lonel Cameron ; and is now the refidence of fir William 
Manners, bart. The front, next the court, is plain ; but 
the other, next the garden, is bold and regular, and the 
ftate apartments on that fide are elegant. The pleafure- 
grounds are fpacious and beautiful, extending to Rich- 
mond-park, a fmall part of which has been added to them 
by a grant from his majefty, including the Mount,where, 
according to tradition, Henry VIII. ftood to fee the fignal 
for Anne Boleyn’s execution. 
KING'TON, or Ky'neton, a market-town in Ilere- 
fordfhire, on the river Arrow, 146 miles from London, is 
a pretty large well-built old town, inhabited chiefly by 
clothiers, who drive a confiderable trade in narrow cloth. 
It has a market on Wednefday, one of the belt in the 
county; with a free-fehool and a charity-fchool. Its, fairs 
are Wednefday before Eafter, Whit-Monday, July 22, and 
Sept. 13. The markets on the Wednefday before Eafter, 
Whitfuntide, and Chriftmas, are fo confiderable for corn, 
cattle, leather, home-made linen and woollen cloth, and 
all forts of provifions, that they are more like fairs. 
About two miles eaftward of Kington are the ruins of 
Lyons-hall caftle, a very ancient ftrufture, of -which 
fcarcely any thing now remains but fragments of the outer 
walls ; the caftle having been demolifhed in the reign of 
Edward II. 
KIN'GUA, a town of Eaft Greenland. Lat. 61.21.N. 
Ion. 45. 26. E. 
KING'WOOD, a townlhip of the American States, in 
Huntingdon county, New Jerfey, containing 2446 inhabi¬ 
tants, including 104 (laves. It is about five miles below 
Alexandria, and fifteen fouth-weft of Lebanon.—Alfo the 
name of a fmall river of New Jerfey. 
KI'NIC ACID, in chemiftry, a peculiar fubftance, dis¬ 
covered (fince our article Chemistry was printed) in Pe¬ 
ruvian bark, where it exifts in combination with lime. 
We are indebted for the difeovery to a Mr. Defchamps, 
apothecary at Lyons, who deferibed the fait in the 48th 
volume of the Annales de Chimie. He obtained it by ma¬ 
cerating the bark in cold water; afterwards evaporating 
the folution, and leaving it to cryftallize. The cryftals 
produced were equal to about 7 per cent, of the bark em¬ 
ployed. He did not profecute his inquiry further ; and 
it was not until fome experiments which were afterwards 
undertaken upon it by Vauquelin, that the fait in quef- 
tion was found to contain a new acid. The refearches of 
this excellent chemift, however, appear fully to have efta- 
blifhed the faft ; and he has denominated it the kinic acid, 
from the word quinquina , which is a name given by the 
French to the yellow kind of bark from which the fait 
deferibed was extracted. The kinat of lime, obtained by 
the foregoing procefs, is of a white colour, and cryltallizes 
in plates. It is devoid of tafte, diflolving in about five 
times its weight of water, at the temperature of 55 0 . Al¬ 
cohol exerts no aftion upon it. By expofure to heat it 
is decompofed, and carbonat of lime and charcoal are the 
produfts. Its folutions are not altered by ammonia; but 
the fixed alkalis precipitate the lime. This alfo takes 
place with the oxalic and fulphuric acids. It appears to 
be compofed of 90 acid, and 10 lime. To procure the 
free acid, M. Vauquelin precipitated the lime by an oxa- 
lat, and afterwards concentrated the liquid by evapora¬ 
tion. It was of a fyrupy confidence ; and, on being fet 
afide to cryftallize, was found, at the end of a week, to 
have undergone no change ; but, the moment he touched 
it with a glafs rod, the whole mafs affumed the form of 
divergent cryftalline plates. The colour of the acid was 
of a (light brown 5 occafioned, probably, by the evapora¬ 
tion having been carried too far. Its tafte was extremely 
four; and there was alfo a bitternefs in it, which might 
be owing to an imperfeft feparation of the other conlti- 
tuents of the bark. Expofure to the air effected no alter¬ 
ation upon it. By heat, kinic acid is decompofed, and 
converted into charcoal. It combines with different bafes; 
and with the earths and alkalis produces foluble and 
cryftallizable falts. On the nitrats of filver, mercury, and 
lead, no change is occafioned by it. Annales de Chimie. 
KFNIGSTETTIN, a town of Auftria : four miles eaft: 
of Tulin. 
KI'NITS, a town of Moravia, in Olmutz : twenty-four 
miles weft of Olmutz. 
KINKS,/. See Kenks, p. 664. 
KINNAFRD’s HEAD, a promontory on the eaftcoaft: 
of Scotland, which forms the Couth boundary of the Frith 
of Murray; fuppofed to be that called Promontorium Taix- 
atium by Ptolemy. Lat. 57. 58. N. Ion. 1. 54. W. 
KIN'NARAS; or Cinnaras, in Hindoo mythology, 
are male dancers in Swerga, or the heaven of Indra. 
KINN'BACK, a fmall ifland on the weft fide of the 
gulf of Bothnia. Lat. 65. 9. N. Ion. 21.30. E. 
KIN'NEGAD* 
