K I N 
KlN'NEGAD, a town of Ireland, in the county of 
Well Meath : twelve miles fouth-well of Trim, and thirty- 
one weft-north-weft of Dublin. 
KINNEYE'TO, a confiderable town of Africa, in the 
kingdom of Mandingo; about twenty-four miles north- 
eaft of Kamalia. Lat. 12. 55. N. Ion. 5. 52. W. 
KIN'NOR, f. In Jewilh antiquities. See Cinyra, 
vol. v. p. 607. 
KI'NO,/ An aftringent fubftance, of a black colour, 
fuppofed to have been originally introduced into this 
country from Africa. It is commonly called a gum, but 
very improperly ; for, as Vauquelin has remarked, it has 
neither the phyiical nor chemical properties charafteriftic 
of that clals of vegetable products. According to Dr. 
Duncan, the kino now known in the ftiops is principally 
imported from Jamaica; and is an extract from the Coc- 
coloba uvifera, or fea-fide grape. It is almoft wholly folu- 
ble in hot water and hot alcohol, and chiefly confifts of 
tannin in a particular flate ; which has the property of 
precipitating the lalts of iron of a green colour, inftead of 
black. With gelatine it forms a role-coloured coagulum. 
We are indebted to Dr. Duncan for the firlt defcription 
of its properties; and he has publilhed the refult of his 
obfervations in the New Edinburgh Difpenfatory, p. 242. 
Although the tree, from which kino is obtained, is not 
yet botanically afcertained, it is known to grow on the 
banks of the river Gambia in Africa. The firlt account 
of this drug is related by Moor in his Travels into the in¬ 
terior Parts of Africa, by which we learn, that, in wound¬ 
ing the bark of this tree, the fluid kino immediately iflues 
drop by drop, and by the heat of the fun is formed into 
a hard mafs. This, which w>as for fome time confidered 
as a fpecies of Sanguis draconis, was afterwards fully ex¬ 
plained, and its medical charafter eftablifhed, by Dr. John 
Fothergill; Med. Obf. and Enq. vol. i. Kino has a confi¬ 
derable refemblance to Catechu, but is redder, and more 
firm, relinous, and aftringent. It is now in common ufe, 
and is the raoft efficacious vegetable aftringent, or ftyptic, 
in the materia medica. The tinClure of kino is prepared 
by macerating three ounces of kino powdered in two pints 
of proof-fpirit, for fourteen days, and draining it. All 
the aftringency of kino is included in this preparation. 
The dofe is from one fluid dram and a half to two fluid 
drams. The compound powder of kino confifts of fifteen 
drams of kino, half an ounce of cinnamon-bark, and a 
dram of hard opium, which are to be reduced feparately 
into a very fine powder, and then mixed. This aftrin¬ 
gent powder was firlt introduced into the London Phar¬ 
macopeia of 1809 ; the proportion of opium contained in 
it being one in twenty. „ 
KIN'OGAM, a river of Canada, which nins from lake 
Wickwa to the river Saguenay. Lat. 48. 34. N. Ion. 71. 
31. W. 
KIN'OLI, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in Natolia, on 
the coaft of the Black Sea: fixteen miles north-welt of 
Sinob. 
KINO'SA (Saint), an ifland in the Grecian Archipe¬ 
lago. Lat. 36. 53. N. Ion. 25. 34. E. 
KINROSS', a town of Scotland, in the county of the 
fame name, on the river Leven, at the weft extremity of 
Loch Leven, near the centre of the county. It was for¬ 
merly famous for its cutlery ; but the chief manufacture 
now is that of Silefia linen. The number of inhabitants, 
in 1801, was 2124, of whom 394 were employed in trade 
and manufactures : ten miles fouth of Perth, and eigh¬ 
teen north-north-weft of Edinburgh. Lat. 56.13. N. Ion. 
3.25.W. 
KINROSS'SIIIRE, a county of Scotland, bounded on 
the north-eaft, ealt, and fouth, by the county of Fife; on 
the other parts by the county of Perth; almoft circular, 
and about thirty miles in circumference. Kinrofs is the 
principal town. In 1801, the number of inhabitants was 
6725 ; of whom 888 were employed in trade and manu¬ 
factures, and 667 in agriculture. 
KIN 751 
KIN'SACH; a river of Bavaria, which runs into the 
Danube three miles below Straubing. 
KINSA'LE, a town of Ireland, in the county of Cork, 
fituated at the mouth of the river Bandon, which forms a 
fine harbour, called the Harbour of Kinfale, and is navi¬ 
gable for large floops near twelve miles above the town, 
though a bar prevents large men-of-war coming into the 
bafin. Kinfale, which owes its importance entirely to the 
river Bandon, is a town of great antiquity, being incor¬ 
porated by charter in the reign of king Edward III. which 
was renewed and confirmed by Edward IV. and in both 
fuch privileges are beftowed, as in effeCl renders it in fome 
degree a republic; which, in the ftate that things then 
flood in Ireland, was neceffary to its fafety and fubliftence. 
In the reign of Henry VIII. they had a large ftandard, 
embroidered with the arms of England, beftowed upon 
them by that monarch. Towards the dole of queen Eli¬ 
zabeth’s reign, their charter was forfeited, on account of 
the Spaniards landing there; but after the reduction of 
the place it was reftored. I11 the two fucceeding reigns 
they received confiderable marks of royal munificence. 
In the reign of Charles II. the then earl of Orrery, in 
1670, began a regular fort, to which the duke of Ormond 
gave the name of Charles Fort, the finifhing of which colt 
upwards of 70,000k It ftands at fome diltance from the 
town, is a very neat and ftrong place, commanding the 
harbour in fuch a manner that fhips muft pals within pif- 
tol-lhot, and having at all times by way of garrifon a re¬ 
giment of foot. The old fort on the other lide of the ri¬ 
ver Bandon, upon the building of this, was turned into a 
block-houfe. The laft charter granted to the town was 
by king James II. After the revolution, when James II. 
came over from France into Ireland, he landed at this 
port, March 12, 1688 ; but, in the autumn of 1690, it was 
reduced by the earl of Marlborough, who took the old 
fort by ltorm ; the Irifti governor being killed in the 
breach, Charles Fort furrendered, and the town fell of 
courfe, being not capable of much defence. Kinfale is 
built under Compafs Hill, and extends about an Englifh 
mile. The fituation is very Angular, the chief ftreet run¬ 
ning round the hill, with others above it, communicating 
by lteep lanes. On the oppofite fliore there are two well- 
built villages, Cove and Scilly. In the town and liber¬ 
ties are fix parilhes. The harbour is very commodious, 
and perfectly fecure; fo large, that the Englilh and Dutch 
Smyrna fleets have anchored therein at the fame time. 
There is a dock, and yard for repairing fliips of war, and 
a crane and gun-wharf for landing and (hipping heavy ar¬ 
tillery, with a hulk in time of war for laying down and 
careening fliips of great fize, with the proper eftabiifii- 
ment of a royal yard ; the more remarkable, as this is hi¬ 
therto the only one in the ifland. In time of war it is 
exceedingly frequented, homeward and outward bound 
Eaft and Weft India fleets often putting in here, as well 
as the largeft fquadrons of the royal navy. On this ac¬ 
count it is provided in their leafes, that the inhabitants 
(hall pay double rent in fuch a feafon. As a place of 
trade, it has a cuftom-houfe, with a proper provifion of 
officers, and fome rich merchants, who trade to France, 
Holland, Flanders, and America ; but, lying in the neigh¬ 
bourhood of Cork, its commerce is far from being 
confiderable. Kinfale fends one member to the imperial 
parliament; and gives the title of baron to the very an¬ 
cient family of Courcy, lineally defcended from John de 
Courcy earl of Ulfter, who from him have the privilege 
to be covered in the prefence of the king of England. 
Kinfale is twelve miles fouth of Cork. Lat. 51.43. N. 
Ion. 8. 30. W. 
KINSA'LE, a poft-town of the American States, in 
Virginia; fixteen miles from Weltmoreland court-houfe, 
and twelve from Northumberland court-houfe. 
KINS'FOLK,yi Relations; thofe who are of the fame 
family.—Thofe lords, fince their firft grants of thofe lands, 
have beftowed them amongft their kinsfolks. Sperfer. —My 
kinsfolk 
